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11.
12.
In the estimation of a proportion p by group testing (pooled testing), retesting of units within positive groups has received little attention due to the minimal gain in precision compared to testing additional units. If acquisition of additional units is impractical or too expensive, and testing is not destructive, we show that retesting can be a useful option. We propose the retesting of a random grouping of units from positive groups, and compare it with nested halving procedures suggested by others. We develop an estimator of p for our proposed method, and examine its variance properties. Using simulation we compare retesting methods across a range of group testing situations, and show that for most realistic scenarios, our method is more efficient. 相似文献
13.
In this paper, a simulation experiment has been developed to examine the combined influence of the design, inventory and environmental factors on the cost performance of a rolling horizon master production schedule. Specifically, a 2 5 factorial design was used to examine the effects associated with three rolling schedule design policies, one inventory policy and one environmental condition of forecast error on MPS cost performance. The study was based on actual data from a paint company. Results suggest that the choice of appropriate lot-size and inventory policies have a significant influence on MPS costs and that there are indeed important interactions between these policies and other design factors of a rolling schedule. 相似文献
14.
B. Douglas Bernheim Debraj Ray evin Yeltekin 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2015,83(5):1877-1911
We argue that poverty can perpetuate itself by undermining the capacity for self‐control. In line with a distinguished psychological literature, we consider modes of self‐control that involve the self‐imposed use of contingent punishments and rewards. We study settings in which consumers with quasi‐hyperbolic preferences confront an otherwise standard intertemporal allocation problem with credit constraints. Our main result demonstrates that low initial assets can limit self‐control, trapping people in poverty, while individuals with high initial assets can accumulate indefinitely. Thus, even temporary policies that initiate accumulation among the poor may be effective. We examine implications concerning the effect of access to credit on saving, the demand for commitment devices, the design of financial accounts to promote accumulation, and the variation of the marginal propensity to consume across income from different sources. We also explore the nature of optimal self‐control, demonstrating that it has a simple and behaviorally plausible structure that is immune to self‐renegotiation. 相似文献
15.
Myria Watkins Allen Renee Edwards Celia Ray Hayhoe Lauren Leach 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(1):3-22
This study explores the imagined interactions college students have with their parents about money and credit, their attitudes
toward credit and money, the ways they say their parents deal with financial decisions, and the communication coalitions regarding
finances they perceive existing within their family. Students’ imagined interaction pleasantness is greatest when parents
jointly form a plan for paying off credit card debt and lowest when parents argue. When family coalitions exist, students
report more frequent imagined interactions. Imagined interaction frequency and pleasantness are related to credit and money
attitudes.
相似文献
Lauren LeachEmail: |
16.
17.
Ranjan Ray 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(1):3-19
This paper analyses child labour participation and its key determinants using data sets from Peru and Pakistan. The results
include tests of the ‘Luxury’ and ‘Substitution’ hypotheses that play key roles in recent studies on child labour and child
schooling. The results reject both hypotheses in the context of child labour in Pakistan and suggest that income and related
variables do not have the expected negative effect on children's work input. Rising wages of adult female labour in Pakistan,
and falling adult male wage in Peru lead to increased participation of children in the labour market. The results on the combined
country data formally establish the presence of strong individual country effects in the estimated regressions. For example,
ceteris paribus, a Peruvian child is more likely to experience schooling than a Pakistani child. However, both countries agree on the positive
role that adult female education and infrastructure investment in basic amenities can play in discouraging child labour and
encouraging child schooling.
Received: 24 August 1998/Accepted: 10 March 1999 相似文献
18.
Qualitative Sociology - This article examines how and with what consequences social justice organizations defend their legitimacy as democratic representatives, especially in circumstances where... 相似文献
19.
David Forrest O. David Gulley 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2018,34(1):39-53
The UK Lotto game was introduced in November 1994 with a standard 6/49 format and an entry fee of £1 per ticket. After several years, revenue began to fall despite extensive publicity and a variety of inducements. By 2013, nominal weekly revenue was less than half the 1995 level. In October 2013, the operator doubled the price of a ticket to £2 and made a number of changes to the pay-out structure of smaller prizes. The intent of the changes was to reverse the long downward trend in game revenue by encouraging higher jackpots and offering more pay-out opportunities for each ticket. We use draw by draw revenue and other data to evaluate how players responded to these changes and find that, while ticket sales fell dramatically, total revenue rose following the changes. Primarily this appears to have been the consequence of increased frequency of rollovers (and therefore of more frequent high jackpot draws) rather than ticket price inelasticity. However, although there was a short-term gain in revenue, the changes did not arrest, and indeed seem to have accentuated, the long-run trend decrease in the revenue generated by the game. 相似文献
20.
Cheryl A. Krause-Parello Michele Thames Colleen M. Ray John Kolassa 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2018,27(3):305-320
Disclosure of child sexual abuse can be a stressful experience for the child. Gaining a better understanding of how best to serve the child, while preserving the quality of their disclosure, is an ever-evolving process. The data to answer this question come from 51 children aged 4–16 (M = 9.1, SD = 3.5), who were referred to a child advocacy center in Virginia for a forensic interview (FI) following allegations of sexual abuse. A repeated measures design was conducted to examine how the presence of a service-trained facility dog (e.g. animal-assisted intervention (AAI) may serve as a mode of lowering stress levels in children during their FIs. Children were randomized to one of the two FI conditions: experimental condition (service-trained facility dog present-AAI) or control condition (service-trained facility dog not present- standard forensic interview). Stress biomarkers salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), heart rate, and blood pressure, and Immunoglobulin A were collected before and after the FI. Self-report data were also collected. Results supported a significant decrease in heart rate for those in the experimental condition (p = .0086) vs the control condition (p = .4986). Regression models revealed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the experimental condition (p = .03285) and (p = .04381), respectively. Statistically significant changes in alpha-amylase and IgA were also found in relation to disclosure and type of offense. The results of this study support the stress reducing effects of a service-trained facility dog for children undergoing FI for allegations of child sexual abuse. 相似文献