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131.
Sandeep Mishra Michael Morgan Martin L. Lalumière Robert J. Williams 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(3):373-386
Little is known about the situational factors associated with gambling behavior. We induced 180 male participants (mean age:
21.6) into a positive, negative, or neutral mood prior to gambling on a video lottery terminal (VLT). While gambling, participants
were observed by either a male peer, female peer, or no one. Induced mood had no effect on gambling behavior. Participants
induced into a negative mood prior to gambling, however, reported more positive moods after gambling, whereas those with positive
and neutral moods reported more negative moods after gambling. Participants observed by either a male or female peer spent
less time gambling on the VLT compared to those not observed. Participants observed by a female peer lost less money relative
to the other observer conditions. Degree of problem gambling in the last year had little influence on these effects. Some
practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
132.
H. Luke Shaefer Xiaoqing Song Trina R. Williams Shanks 《Review of Economics of the Household》2013,11(4):659-680
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable credit for low-income workers mainly targeted at families with children. This study uses the Survey of Income and Program Participation’s topical modules on Assets and Liabilities to examine associations between the EITC expansions during the early 1990s and the unsecured debt of the households of single mothers. We use two difference-in-differences comparisons over the study period 1988–1999, first comparing single mothers to single childless women, and then comparing single mothers with two or more children to single mothers with exactly one child. In both cases we find that the EITC expansions are associated with a relative decline in the unsecured debt of affected households of single mothers. While not direct evidence of a causal relationship, this is suggestive evidence that single mothers may have used part of their EITC to limit the growth of their unsecured debt during this period. 相似文献
133.
A variety trial sometimes requires a resolvable block design in which the replicates are set out next to each other. The long blocks running through the replicates are then of interest. A t -latinized design is one in which groups of these t long blocks are binary. In this paper examples of such designs are given. It is shown that the algorithm described by John & Whitaker (1993) can be used to construct designs with high average efficiency factors. Upper bounds on these efficiency factors are also derived. 相似文献
134.
Paul A. Williams 《Gender, Work and Organization》1999,6(2):106-121
Women's rapid entry into medicine raises important questions about change in this historically male-dominated profession. In addition to shifting the gender balance, do increasing numbers of women signal a more fundamental change in the way in which medicine is organized and practised? A growing body of research suggests such change. Yet there is continuing controversy about the meaning of observed gender differences in practice, whether they reflect an essentially pragmatic response to women's dual workload of family and career, or whether they are the result of underlying differences in attitudes, values and orientations. This article uses data from a survey of a recent cohort of family physicians in Ontario, Canada, to document the extent of gender differences and similarities in medical practice, and their interrelationships to family situation, political attitudes and patient care attitudes. The results show that seemingly related differences in practice are accounted for in different ways: while some are associated with differences in family situation, others are tied to attitudes, while others are a function of gender alone. The results also reveal gender similarities which do not suggest that women are becoming more like men, but that men, and the profession as a whole are changing. We would emphasize the importance of interpreting gender differences and similarities within a broader conceptual understanding of change in the profession. 相似文献
135.
Raymond M. Berger Ph.D. 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(1):54-62
The present report describes the organization and operation of a community based venereal disease clinic designed to meet the particular needs of homosexual men. Male same‐sex contact is seen as an important factor in the epidemiology of venereal disease and the community based clinic is described as a potentially important mechanism for control of the disease. Socio‐medical characteristics of male homosexual patients are described. Data are offered to document the prevalence of asymptomatic gonorrhea and the need for screening of atypical sites in this population. 相似文献
136.
Raymond Goldberg Ph.D. 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(6):260-268
Abstract Although audio-visual materials are commonly used on college and university campuses, frequently those materials are not evaluated to determine what impact they may have on students' attitudes. The present research compared the effect of three audio-visual programs on attitudes of college students toward homosexuality. The three programs included a film that dealt with prejudice towards numerous groups but not towards homosexuals; a video-tape of a homosexual clergyman who discussed sexual variance with particular emphasis on homosexuality; and two films in which couples were explicitly engaging in homosexual behavior. A control group was used. All groups received a lecture about homosexuality. Using a two-way analysis of covariance, significant differences were found among the groups. Subjects that watched the film on prejudice and the video-tape of a discussion of homosexuality, as well as the control group, were all significantly more tolerant toward homosexuality than subjects who watched the explicit films. The difference among groups was immediate only. Five weeks after exposure to audio-visual programs, there were no significant differences. There was no significant difference between males and females, either immediately after seeing the programs or five weeks later. Thus, attitudes of college students toward homosexuality can be altered and were not gender specific. 相似文献
137.
Raymond W. Carlson 《Journal of Social Work Education》2013,49(3):17-24
Rapid expansion of educational research and conceptualization combined with increased emphasis on relevance and effectiveness as values within the educational institution encourage expansion of the assumptions made by social work educators. Such expansion forces recognition of the complexity of the educational transaction and of the importance of flexibility as a teacher characteristic. But certain new assumptions suggest undeveloped opportunities for facilitating significant student learning. This article identifies four such opportunities based on assumptions about individual differences, cognitive functioning, and affective learning. A complex, growth-oriented view of social work education is emphasized. 相似文献
138.
Sharon E. Williams Quienton L. Nichols Nadia L. Williams 《Children and youth services review》2013,35(10):1789-1793
Maintaining a well trained pool of workers in public child welfare agencies continues to be an ongoing problem. Research suggests that it is critical that we continue to explore the factors associated with worker efficacy. Existing research has found that outcomes for families and children are affected by numerous individual and organizational characteristics including worker's perceived efficacy (Advancement of Social Work Research, 2005; Bernotavicz, 2007; Collier, 2007; Ellett, 2007; Government Accountability Office, 2003; Milner, 2003). This study describes public child welfare workers, and their perceptions of efficacy relative to multicultural awareness, knowledge and skills. Study outcomes have implications for worker training, supervision, and curriculum on child welfare. 相似文献
139.
Johnny E. Williams 《Sociology Compass》2013,7(9):711-725
Genomics is a complex field of study involving researchers and practitioners immersed in the social milieu from which their genetic theories and comprehensions in part emerge. Genomic researchers' embeddedness in social formations with distinct ideologies predisposes them to construct hypotheses about genetics with value‐laden assumptions. Given genomics' inseparability from social influences this article explores how its use with marginalized groups has eugenic implications. Several important links between eugenics and genomics are identified suggesting eugenic implications in genomics. 相似文献
140.
This paper reports case study research that set out to identifywhat care managers do during independent care home closures.Little research has focused on the way in which care homes forolder people are closed in England, or what those involved thinkabout the process. This paper reports the activities and viewsof care managers directly involved in helping older people relocatefrom care homes that were closed by their owners. During suchclosures, residents and their families have no choice but tomove, usually to a deadline, and with little control over theprocess. Care managers have a responsibility to help arrangealternative care for those current residents who are publiclyfunded, and to offer information and support to those fundingtheir own care (the self-funded). Closure relatedactivities could involve considerable staff time. Care managementarrangements, including the organization of teams and provisionof needs assessments, varied across authorities. The care managersdescribed drawing on emotional counselling and inter-personalskills, as well as practitioner knowledge and experience, particularlywhen offering support and advice about finding appropriate newhomes. Tensions between aims, constraints on their actions andviews of good practice are identified. 相似文献