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961.
Reply 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
962.
R. D. Blanchard-Boehm R. A. Earl J. H. Wachter E. J. Hanford 《Population and environment》2008,29(6):292-312
San Antonio, Texas, the seventh largest city in the United States, has experienced steady population growth, since the “boom”
of the 1960s. Projected water shortages due to this growth were realized as early as the 1970s by city leaders and south-central
Texas regional development decision makers. To reduce dependence on the already over-taxed, Edwards aquifer, a solution, the
Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project, was developed with wide acceptance by federal, state, and city leaders who regarded
the project as a necessary measure for regional growth and development. However, opposition by taxpayer and environmental
groups led to referendums of 1991 and 1994 in which voters blocked construction of the dam and reservoir leaving the city
with limited options for water provision. This case study investigated the factors which led to a clear mismatch in communication
between decision makers—those who were aware of the actual and quantifiable risk to the region in terms of reduced water supplies—and
the general public, a population that did not have complete and/or adequate knowledge of their actual risk regarding future
water shortages, nor, of solutions being developed, such as the Applewhite project. The findings from this case study indicate
that when municipal leadership fails to adequately communicate risk regarding resource shortage to an affected public, as
well as, openly planned solutions, that voters are likely to underestimate future impacts of water shortages, heed last-minute
opposition, and reject long-standing, publicly proposed projects. The intent of this research is not to support either side
in the Applewhite controversy, but to shed perspective on the process of adequately and effectively communicating future water
needs to an at-risk population. Decision makers in cities across the United States who are faced with solving problems of
limited resources needed by a large populace may be informed by the results of this research. 相似文献
963.
Social vulnerability and migration in the wake of disaster: the case of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This study explores the relationship between place-based social vulnerability and post-disaster migration in the U.S. Gulf
Coast region following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Using county-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we develop a regional
index of social vulnerability and examine how its various dimensions are related to migration patterns in the wake of the
storms. Our results show that places characterized by greater proportions of disadvantaged populations, housing damage, and,
to a lesser degree, more densely built environments were significantly more likely to experience outmigration following the
hurricanes. Our results also show that these relationships were not spatially random, but rather exhibited significant geographic
clustering. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research and public policy. 相似文献
964.
S. A. Kaschula 《Population and environment》2008,29(3-5):162-185
Wild foods may offer unique benefits to households afflicted by AIDS, providing a nutritious and freely available food source at minimal labour and financial costs. This article presents the results of food security assessments in two rural South African sites. Detailed household dietary recalls from 227 households, combined with qualitative work, explored the association of household AIDS proxies (recent morbidity, mortality and orphan fostering) with household food security and dietary composition. The study found that AIDS-proxy households were significantly more food insecure, and households fostering orphans were both poorer and more food insecure. Wild foods were evident in 40.3% of the 48 h recalls, with significantly greater likelihood of use in households with fostering paternal orphans, and/or with at least one AIDS proxy. Only paternal orphans were significantly associated with likelihood of using wild foods when controlling for household socio-economic status. Qualitative data suggests that households afflicted by AIDS might curtail their use of wild foods due to household labour shortages and stigma. This is unfortunate, as regressions indicate that households using wild foods may be more economically resilient. This may be particularly important for households registering AIDS proxies, due to a demonstrated negative correlation between accumulated household AIDS proxies and household income. 相似文献
965.
966.
Clark WA 《Demography》2008,45(3):515-535
For the past decade and a half a concerted effort has been undertaken to determine whether policy interventions in residential location can solve the problems of inner-city poverty and racial concentration. Studies based on data from the Gautreaux litigation and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-sponsored Moving to Opportunity (MTO) program have provided an overall optimistic interpretation of the possibilities of improving inner-city lives via mobility vouchers and counseling. A reanalysis of the data from the MTO program, focusing specifically on African American households, suggests greater caution in the interpretation of the findings from either Gautreaux or the MTO program. No statistically significant difference exists between the percentage of poor or the percentage of African Americans in the current neighborhoods between MTO and Section 8 experimental groups. In some cases, there is no statistically significant difference between those who move with a voucher and those who move without any assistance at all. Although there is some evidence that MTO programs have brought specific gains for individual families, claims for the MTO program as a whole need to be treated with a great deal more caution than they have been to date. 相似文献
967.
Two overseas survey-based scales measuring perceived quality of neighbourhood were adapted and replicated in a New Zealand
context. An Italian study (Bonaiuto, Fornara, and Bonnes. (2003). Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 41–52) measuring Perceived Residential Environmental Quality (PREQ) and an American study (Carp and Carp. (1982). Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2, 295–312) using the Perceived Environmental Quality Indices (PEQI) were applied to a sample of Auckland residents, separated
into low, medium, and high population density areas. The surveys measured attitudes towards subjects such as noise, neighbours,
accessibility, green areas, welfare services, recreational services, safety, maintenance, environmental health, transport
services, and characteristics of an ideal neighbourhood, and were completed by 369 respondents. Primary analyses examined
differences in perception across the three density groups. The factor structures of both scales were replicated with the Auckland
sample, and differences across densities were found for subscales of the PREQ. The results are discussed in relation to the
cross-cultural similarities of perceived environmental quality, and the concept that environmental satisfaction is based on
balancing aspects of the residential environment is proposed.
This research was conducted for the Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology under contract OPSX401. 相似文献
968.
Is the Study of Happiness a Worthy Scientific Pursuit? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper critiques the view that the study of happiness is not a worthy scientific pursuit. The happiness set point and
hedonic treadmill theories denote the complexity of increasing happiness levels due to genetic limitations and adaptation,
however, there is mounting evidence to suggest that with the use of appropriate measures and specific interventions aimed
at fostering strengths and virtues, happiness can be increased. Furthermore, the benefits of investigating methods for increasing
happiness include improvements in physical, psychological and social health and well-being. It is concluded that approaching
human needs from a top down or holistic standpoint where individuals can use their strengths to overcome life’s challenges,
is beneficial to health and well-being. Hence, the study of happiness is a worthy scientific pursuit. 相似文献
969.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
970.