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121.
R. Mukerjee & N. Reid 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》1999,61(4):945-953
In the presence of nuisance parameters, we drive an explicit higher order asymptotic formula to compare the expected lengths of confidence intervals given by likelihood ratio statistics arising from the usual profile likelihood and various adjustments thereof. Highest posterior density regions, with approximate frequentist validity, are also included in the study. 相似文献
122.
Oral histories of ten close relatives of people over the age of 50 defined as intellectually handicapped have been collected as part of the New Zealand Ageing and Intellectual Handicap study. Many of the individuals with intellectual handicap were institutionalized from an early age; some had little or no contact with family members for a very long time; others lived continuously at home. The qualitative data record over 50 years' experience of having a family member with intellectual handicap, from early childhood through to middle or old age, and outline concerns about deinstitutionalisation and the future. It is concluded that families cannot go it alone and that the full participation of people with disabilities in community life and culture depends on well-resourced public policies and programmes of inclusion. 相似文献
123.
Objective. Previous research suggests that bereavement and adjustment to widowhood are long term and should be studied as processes rather than as static outcomes. We analyze how spousal care giving affects survivors' depressive symptoms 18 and 48 months into widowhood. Method. We use three waves of data from the Changing Lives of Older Couples (CLOC) Survey and estimate OLS regression equations to determine the long‐term effects of spousal care giving on widow(er)s' well‐being. Results. At 18 months, more burdensome spousal care giving predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms, while greater caregiver stress predicted lower levels. Specific characteristics of the caregiving situation were no longer significant predictors of well‐being 48 months into widowhood, although care giving itself had an ameliorative effect on level of symptoms. Conclusions. The results highlight the dynamic nature of bereavement and suggest that the effects of spousal care and characteristics of the care situation on depressive symptoms during widowhood are not linear over time. We discuss the implications of our findings for the conceptualization of the relationship between care giving and bereavement. 相似文献
124.
Graeme Reid 《Social Dynamics》2013,39(1):38-51
Nowhere is the paradox between the ideals of the South African Constitution and lived reality more apparent than in public contestations around gender and sexuality. Gay and lesbian equality has come to occupy a symbolic place as a litmus test of the success of constitutional democracy in South Africa. And yet, because gay and lesbian equality is not widely supported, it is also one of the key moral barometers testing the gap between the Constitution and public opinion. This article looks at a series of public hearings held under the auspices of the National House of Traditional Leaders to gauge public opinion on same‐sex marriages. This is used as a case study to explore how sexuality becomes pivotal in debates about nationhood and belonging. 相似文献
125.
Natasha Reid Jenny Gamble Debra K. Creedy Amy Finlay-Jones 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(1):3-5
Background
Exposure to alcohol prenatally can result in a child being diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Affected infants experience lifelong impairments that can involve, physical, cognitive, behavioural and emotional difficulties that impact on their functional capacity. Effective prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is critically needed in Australia. Reduction in the prevalence of this disorder will only be possible if we prevent alcohol consumption during pregnancy.Aim
This paper provides an overview of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and discusses the role of caseload midwifery as part of a multi-level prevention approach.Findings
Drawing on previous research, caseload midwifery has potential to support the prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder through continuity of care.Conclusion
Prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder will be more likely if women experience a supportive relationship with a known midwife, who has received appropriate training and can enable women to feel comfortable in discussing and addressing alcohol use. 相似文献126.
127.
Brad Forenza David T. Lardier Jr. Robert J. Reid Pauline Garcia-Reid Autumn Bermea 《Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment》2013,23(6):705-721
ABSTRACTCommunity-level stress, such as pervasive substance abuse and violence, can yield negative health and mental heath outcomes for youth from disadvantaged communities. Community empowerment is a process whereby community members work together to increase control in their community. This qualitative inquiry analyzed in-depth interviews with adult stakeholders (n = 17) as well as focus group interviews with token youth (n = 85) to explore perceptions of community stress and empowerment in one disadvantaged locale. Each of the 102 total participants helped interrogate the research questions: What does it mean to live in a stressed community? How might youth and adults perceive themselves capable of impacting a stressed community’s quality of life? Emergent themes, which include a nod to the utility of coalition building, are explored. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are also discussed. 相似文献
128.
129.
The Fisher information about parameters of interest (P-information) is invariant with respect to nuisance parameters, and induces an information inequality associated with likelihood factorization. This information inequality provides a natural basis for measuring information loss due to using only a sublikelihood function for inference. In contrast with the global reparametrization of some previous concepts in the literature, the concepts of P-ancillarity and P-sufficiency proposed in this article are characterized by the notion of no pointwise information loss with respect to the parameters of interest. A conditional version of P-sufficiency is also proposed. The asymptotic efficiency of likelihood inference under P-ancillarity or P-sufficiency is outlined. 相似文献
130.
Joseph D. Reid 《Journal of Labor Research》1982,3(3):277-294
Study of labor unions again is moving to the forefront of economists’ attention. This resurrection of interest stems from
two sources. First, econometric studies indicate that the impact of unions on wages is varied. Further, the absence of theoretical
foundation for analysis of labor unions now is appreciated widely. But recent developments in theories of agency, of public
choice, and of property rights promise progress toward a better model of labor unions. That model built, the impacts of unions
can be ascertained.
Allen Dalton and Don Leavens provided able research assistance. 相似文献