Using Empathy to Improve Intergroup Attitudes and Relations

Recently, social psychologists have given considerable attention to the possibility that empathy can be used to improve intergroup attitudes and relations. For this possibility to bear practical fruit, it is important to know what is meant by empathy because different researchers use the term to refer to different psychological states. It is also important to understand how each of these empathy states might affect intergroup relations by reviewing theory and research on the psychological processes involved, and it is important to consider the limitations of each form of empathy as a source of improved intergroup relations. Finally, it is important to consider the role of different empathy states in existing programs designed to improve intergroup relations, whether in protracted political conflicts, in educational settings, or via media. In this article, we pursue each of these goals.     

Bodies of work: skilling at the bottom of the global nursing care chain

ABSTRACT

In the midst of a growing global market for migrant care work, there is a need to investigate not only how such labour is consumed but how ‘ideal’ care workers are also produced. This paper investigates how schools within migrant-sending countries produce nurse labour through body work or the testing and honing of hospital procedures on patients’ bodies. Focusing on the case of the Philippines, this paper shows how the education of nurses for export creates a paradoxical impact on care work within local healthcare institutions. Aspiring nurse migrants provide much-needed manpower to understaffed public hospitals yet, treat poor patients as docile bodies to enhance their skills for future foreign employers. This practice creates an inherent inequality in the actual skilling of aspiring nurse migrants, where the poorest bodies allow nurse migrants to provide better care to more privileged bodies in wealthier nations.     

Anti-Afropolitan ethics and the performative politics of online scambaiting

ABSTRACT

Online scambaiting problematises the identity of the 419 scammer whose virtual labours connect significantly to the digital dimensions of Afropolitanism. When examined through the photographic practices demanded of 419 scammers in several Internet communities, scambaiting, a form of Internet vigilantism that is targeted at online scammers to avert scam, produces epistemic violence which evacuates the black male body of human dignity. Although scambaiting is potentially an ethical project, it embeds a system of oppression that generates Afropolitan masculinities, caricatured performances of the bodies of 419 scammers exhibited online as objects of shame. As a philosophical and aesthetic response to translocality and mobility, Afropolitanism stresses the cultural experiences and agency of ordinary Africans who assert a global sense of awareness. As both the Afropolitan subject and the 419 scammer are entangled in the assertion of agency, the globalism of both is shown to converge at the intersection of the digital. Building on Lisa Nakamura's essay on dogshaming, I argue that the sexual exploitation of black bodies on scambaiting websites gestures at technology's complicity in interpellating digital subjects and circulating social injustices. Unlike Nakamura, I foreground the performative aspects of scambaiting and connect these to Afropolitanism's intrinsic digitality.     

中介语词汇概念迁移的认知范畴化阐释

本文基于范畴化理论归纳出由于范畴化差异引起的汉英词汇概念差异的类型。分别从家族的相似性、认知模式、文化模式三方面分析论述汉英词汇概念对应的相对性、对语境的依赖性以及文化取向性，并运用所得到的结论阐释外语环境下的词汇概念迁移。     

云南边疆的现代化起步与社会变迁——基于贺宗章、丁文江红河地区亲历记的研究

20世纪最初15年间,清末官员贺宗章和地理学家丁文江各自用不同的方式见证了红河地区的交通、矿业现代化起步历程和社会变迁,留下生动、翔实和真切的记载.这些记载表明,滇南红河地区率先在交通、矿业等领域开启了现代化,但边疆民族地区的现代化转型不仅面临着与内地相同的旧政治体制桎梏和落后经济的制约,更面对着帝国主义侵扰掠夺和复杂的国际环境影响.所以,边疆地区既是现代化发展的前沿,也是各种势力纠葛和利益争夺最激烈的地区,折射出云南边疆现代化进程的复杂性.     

Barriers and drivers for process innovation in the petrochemical industry: A case study

Process innovation and energy efficiency improvement are among the key options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in petrochemicals production. This case study presents some of the main drivers and barriers to activities aimed at improving existing processes and developing new processes in the petrochemical industry. Interviews, statistics and related literature were used. The results suggest that as far as strategic scenario planning is concerned, feedstock economics of new processes is of strategic importance, while energy efficiency is much less important. This explains why firms see new processes as strategic innovations, although they are often less energy efficient than existing processes.     

转型抑或收缩：山西票号对辛亥革命的因应

山西票号不完全是辛亥革命的"承受体",对革命的因应是透视其兴衰轨迹的关键。作为革命策源地,汉口票帮在武昌起义前已面临严重的市场风险和经营考验。市场环境方面,汉口的金融恐慌仍在延续,而票号的业务重心已从汇兑转向存放款,这意味着稍有不慎,卷入了钱庄业务链条的票号即面临放款无法收回的窘境。经营状况方面,受外部环境影响,票号数量总体上呈动态减少的趋势,经营业绩更是直线下降。武昌起义爆发后,汉口深陷动荡,在汉票号通过与山西总号的互动,着力解决票据账簿的保存、业务的收缩和调整以及债权债务的清理等问题。然而,由于革命的突发性强,外加长程通信导致的信息滞后,总号始终难以拿出有效的应对方案,分号实际拥有了自主处理本埠号务的权限。在这一过程中,票商面对严重的社会失范,更倾向于维护既有的经济社会秩序。这种诉求根源于其因应政治革命时的不利地位,即分号被迫收撤或迁址,金融运转被强行中断,造成大量坏账、呆账,尤其是当票商欲通过各方力量防止挤兑风潮和倒账危机的举措收效甚微时,其与新政府之间的信任隔阂也随之扩大。票商的因应机制充分证明,辛亥革命没有导致票号的根本衰亡,由政权鼎革所加剧的自身经营压力和动荡政局重塑了票号此后的发展路径,集中体现在民国初年票商拒绝金融转型的态度以及"缩小主义"的经营策略。在转型与收缩之间,票商理性而审慎地选择了后者,所谓错过合组银行的"历史机遇"不过是后来者对历史发展情境的理想预设。     

试谈歌词结尾反复的艺术程式

反复是歌词创作中高频率运用的一种修辞手段，歌词结尾反复的艺术程式有：无阶式和有阶式及其升、降格式，分析了反复对歌词结尾程式的艺术处理的修辞作用。     

我国新公司法与公司的社会责任

对公司社会责任进行法律规制是促使公司切实践行社会责任的制度保障。我国新公司法的出台无疑在一定程度上有利于公司社会责任的履行，并有助于确立起公司法上的社会责任机制。