Sources of differences between Chinese,Indian, and Caucasian scientists and engineers: Evaluations of managerial potential

This article proposes intrapersonal, interpersonal, and acculturation factors to help explain differences in evaluations of the managerial potential of Chinese, Indians, and U.S. Caucasians. Using data from 1658 scientists and engineers and their managers in 24 U.S. companies, we find that managers evaluate Indians (but not Chinese) to have less managerial potential and to be less effective at working with others than Caucasians. The absence of insecurity in Indians’ self-reported English fluency appears to be detrimental to the evaluation of their managerial potential. In contrast, Indians who report high managerial aspirations receive less harsh evaluations of their managerial potential. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and practice.     

Energy cost during locomotion across snow: a comparison of four types of snowshoes with snowshoe design considerations

Snowshoes are a common method of locomotion across snow but no investigations has previously examined the energy cost of different snowshoe models or looked for desirable snowshoe design characteristics. To this end, four Marines were studied while walking at 4 km/h in four different types of snowshoes. They traversed a field with an average grade of 2.4%, walking once downhill and once uphill with each snowshoe. Expired respiratory gases (for energy cost measures) and heart rates were collected continuously during the walk. The Pride Assault and US Army Standard models had a lower energy cost than the Montana Light model and tended to have a lower cost than the British Assault model. Correlations between snowshoe mass/surface area ratios and energy cost were 0.81 and 0.72 on the uphill and downhill portions of the course, respectively. Examination of the physical attributes of the snowshoes suggested several design characteristics may be favorable from an energy cost perspective: 1) a hinge-and-binding system that allows the snowshoe to be dragged across the snow, 2) an upturned front that pushes snow away and allows a more horizontal (less vertical) displacement of the snowshoe during locomotion, 3) a narrow profile that avoids leg abduction, and 4) a lower mass to surface area ratio. Further research will be necessary to determine the importance of these factors because of the limited number of subjects and the single snow condition examined here.     

Predicting development preferences for fishing sites among diverse anglers

Urban Ecosystems - Shifting demographics among angling communities mean that managers may need different amenities at fishing sites to satisfy new constituents. Anglers approach recreational...     

Ethnic Context and Immigration Policy Preferences Among Latinos and Anglos*

Objective. We examine how the immigration policy preferences of Anglos and Latinos vary according to ethnic context. Specifically, we hypothesize that immigration policy attitudes are a product of both Latino immigrant and Latino native born group size. In contrast to previous work, which found that Latinos and Anglos react to contextual forces in an identical manner, we argue that Latino group size produces opposite reactions for Anglos and Latinos. Methods. These hypotheses are tested using an original state‐wide survey of Anglos and Latinos in Texas conducted during 2006, which is supplemented with data from the 2000 Census. Results. Our findings show that residing in a heavily Latino area produces more liberal immigration attitudes among Latinos and more conservative attitudes among Anglos. However, this result is driven not by the size of the foreign‐born Latino population, but by the size of the native‐born Latino population. Conclusion. Anti‐immigrant sentiments among Anglos appear to result, at least in part, from ethnic concerns.     

Some comments on ‘the structure of subjective well-being in nine western societies’ by andrews and inglehart

This paper makes a number of critical comments on a recent article by Andrews and Inglehart (1979), where the similarity of subjective well-being data from nine different countries was investigated. It is first shown that different MDS representations can be constructed for the data which differ considerably among each other and with respect to the similarity hypothesis. The goodness of the MDS solutions is discussed by using finer indices than overall Stress. Then, the measures of configurational similarity are evaluated statistically. Finally, it is shown that other, equally valid measures lead to completely different conclusions. It is argued that this poses an insurmountable problem. A facet theoretical approach which looks for prototypical structures rather than a single similarity index avoids this dilemma.     

全球化与产业关系

■传统产业关系:在稳定的传统产业关系中的稳定工作许多有关现代产业关系或由于工作形成的人际关系理论完全建立在二战后的西欧和北美经验的基础之上,这个时期大多数西方国家的工业快速增长。其增长是靠国内市场的迅速膨     

Assessing Uncertainty in Simulation-Based Maritime Risk Assessment

Recent work in the assessment of risk in maritime transportation systems has used simulation-based probabilistic risk assessment techniques. In the Prince William Sound and Washington State Ferries risk assessments, the studies' recommendations were backed up by estimates of their impact made using such techniques and all recommendations were implemented. However, the level of uncertainty about these estimates was not available, leaving the decisionmakers unsure whether the evidence was sufficient to assess specific risks and benefits. The first step toward assessing the impact of uncertainty in maritime risk assessments is to model the uncertainty in the simulation models used. In this article, a study of the impact of proposed ferry service expansions in San Francisco Bay is used as a case study to demonstrate the use of Bayesian simulation techniques to propagate uncertainty throughout the analysis. The conclusions drawn in the original study are shown, in this case, to be robust to the inherent uncertainties. The main intellectual merit of this work is the development of Bayesian simulation technique to model uncertainty in the assessment of maritime risk. However, Bayesian simulations have been implemented only as theoretical demonstrations. Their use in a large, complex system may be considered state of the art in the field of computational sciences.