A Characterization of a Matric-Variate Exponential Distribution

Suppose S is a positive definite m x m random matrix and S> Ω denotes the event that S—Ω is positive definite, Ω being a constant positive definite matrix. Under very mild regularity conditions, we show that the constraint Pr(S>Ω₁+Ω₂ | S>Ω₂) = Pr(S>Ω₁) implies that S has a Wishart distribution on m+ 1 degrees of freedom.     

Industrialization and Social Stratification*

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge about the effects of industrialization upon systems of social stratification. Taking societies as the unit of observation, we consider the relationships between level of industrialization and (1) the distribution of status characteristics in the population (the structure of stratification); (2) the pattern of interrelations among status characteristics (the process of stratification); and (3) the form of linkages between status characteristics and other aspects of social behavior (the consequences of stratification). A set of propositions is specified, a few of which are empirically well established but most of which yet require empirical testing.     

游戏的文学——以韩愈的“戏”为中心

裴度以"戏"批评韩愈文学的游戏倾向;韩愈征引经书,以"戏"来为自己辩解;柳宗元从"有益于世"角度为韩愈的游戏文学辩护."戏"在不同的语境中具有不同意味,与韩愈的文学创作发生着不同的联系.     

萨特的"整体性"、"整体化"概念和他的"人学辩证法"

萨特认为,辩证运动来源于个体的多元复合的总体的"整体化","辩证法"应该是在人的个体实践的"整体化"活动中来理解."整体性"是经验可理论的个体实践的多元复合性关系及其结构的总体关联性,它是"整体化"的结果,也是"整体化"运动中具有惰性作用的暂时的调节性因素,它体现着个人的各种关系和结构,是可以通过触景生情的联想而予以把握的."整体化"是人的不断发展的多元复合性关系的实践及其过程,另方面它也是实践场域的运动,并且,这二者是相互规定和制约,使个人及其实践始终面向未来,从而构成历史的辩证法;同时,"整体化"也就是人的最根本的存在.个人是历史的施动者,同时他也是被整体化者.所以在萨特看来,辩证法也就是"人学辩证法".     

An integrative intervention for promoting recovery from extramarital affairs

The discovery or disclosure of an extramarital affair can have a devastating impact on partners, both individually and on the relationships. Research suggests that affairs occur relatively frequently in relationships and are a common presenting problem in couple therapy. However, despite their prevalence, there is little empirical treatment research in this area, and most therapists describe this problem as one of the more difficult to treat. In this study, we used a replicated case-study design to explore the efficacy of an integrative treatment designed to help couples recover from an affair. Six couples entered and completed treatment. The majority of these couples were less emotionally or maritally distressed at the end of treatment, and the injured partners reported greater forgiveness regarding the affair. Details of the intervention, suggested adaptations of the treatment, and areas for future research are discussed.