The international migration of nurses in long-term care

This article describes five major factors that are affecting patterns of international migration among nurses who work in long-term care settings: DEMOGRAPHIC DRIVERS: The aging of the populations in developed countries and the low to negative growth in the working-age population will increase the demand for international workers to provide long-term care services. GENDER AND RACE: A dual labor market of long-term care workers, increasingly made up of women of color, is becoming internationalized by the employment of migrating nurses from developing countries. CREDENTIALING: The process of credentialing skilled workers creates barriers to entry for migrating nurses and leads to "decredentialing" where registered nurses work as licensed practical nurses or aides. COLONIAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: The colonial histories of many European countries and the United States have increased migration from former colonies in developing countries to former colonial powers. WORKER RECRUITMENT: Efforts to limit the recruitment of health care workers from some developing countries have had little effect on migration, in part because much of the recruitment comes through informal channels of family and friends.     

20世纪西方历史哲学概观

２０ 世纪西方历史哲学按言说对象与思想风格可以划分为思辨的、批判的与分析的三种基本类型。思辨历史哲学试图以理性思辨方式达到对整个历史的形上把握。批判历史哲学和分析历史哲学则以史学知识性质及学术定位为母题,围绕历史认识的性质及其独特性、历史认识的客观性和历史解释三个基本理论话题展开论述,其间显露出人文主义与科学主义两种立场、多元论与一元论两种方法的对立。７０ 年代后叙述主义思潮兴起,西方历史哲学实现从解释到叙述的话题转换,并摆脱此前认识论分析的路数,将目光投向历史写作、历史话语的层面     

LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS WITH ENDOGENOUS INCOME

This article examines liquidity constraints within the household's intertemporal model with nonseparable consumption and leisure. The model includes wage income in the minimum wealth constraint. We derive an estimable equation for employed households that holds whether or not the family is credit constrained. The formulation enables direct testing for liquidity constraints. Empirical findings using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics strongly support the existence of debt constraints. Credit constrained households have significantly lower levels of consumption, disposable income, saving, and wage rates, a higher average propensity to consume, and smaller labor hours for the spouse but not the head. ( JEL D91, J22)     

Public Policy and the Displacement Effects of Casinos: A Case Study of Riverboat Gambling in Missouri

A critical issue in assessing the economic impact of casinos is whether gambling activity displaces consumer expenditure from conventional retail establishments. We test this hypothesis using industry-level, time series data for eleven counties in Missouri, a state that recently introduced riverboats. Our results are generally inconsistent with the displacement hypothesis. However, we do find evidence of substitution between gambling and other businesses in the entertainment and amusement sector. This conclusion lends credence to the view that gaming serves as a substitute for other forms of entertainment. Our results also imply that the search for displacement should probably be focused on activities that constitute the closest consumer substitutes. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications for state regulation of this new source of revenue.     

中国地区国民素质竞争力研究

国民素质竞争力是国家基础竞争力的重要组成部分,它反映了一个国家人力资本的发展状况和经济长期持续发展与成长的能力。本报告从人口特征、劳动力特征、就业状况、国民教育和生活质量五个方面对全国31个地区的国民素质竞争力进行全面分析,指出国民素质竞争力在地区之间发展的不均衡性和在地区内部发展的不协调性,以期能有助于提升各地区国民素质的综合竞争能力。     

Sequential design approaches for bioequivalence studies with crossover designs

The planning of bioequivalence (BE) studies, as for any clinical trial, requires a priori specification of an effect size for the determination of power and an assumption about the variance. The specified effect size may be overly optimistic, leading to an underpowered study. The assumed variance can be either too small or too large, leading, respectively, to studies that are underpowered or overly large. There has been much work in the clinical trials field on various types of sequential designs that include sample size reestimation after the trial is started, but these have seen only little use in BE studies. The purpose of this work was to validate at least one such method for crossover design BE studies. Specifically, we considered sample size reestimation for a two-stage trial based on the variance estimated from the first stage. We identified two methods based on Pocock's method for group sequential trials that met our requirement for at most negligible increase in type I error rate.     

沉重的文化变迁--读阿来的《尘埃落定》

阿来的小说<尘埃落定>透视出来沉重的历史演变的沧桑和异文化进入、本土文化沉沦的文化变迁给人带来人生无望和痛苦挣扎,使小说具有一种透视历史、透视民族性的震撼人心的效果.本文着重从人类学文化变迁的角度来分析<尘埃落定>如何反映这一段特殊的历史的演变带来的文化变迁及文化变迁给人心、人格带来的波动,以期对小说有更为深入的理解.并在这基础上对阿来及<尘埃落定>的写作进行分析.     

学术理论与中国近现代史研究

作为一个经验的历史学家,在我的研究经历中常常能够回忆起理论运用中最诱人的陷阱.为了表述的方便,分为四个主要的陷阱:不加批判地运用,意识形态的运用,西方中心主叉和文化主义(包括中国中心主义).当我们在为中国寻求理论的自主性时,所面临的问题部分的是寻求中国未来的另一种图景.事实上,中国至今仍然在努力寻找一种中国特色的现代性.     

青海卫拉特诸部落的起源

本文以和硕特部为中心,考察了青海诸蒙古部落的事迹、游牧地及首领的世系,探讨其历史变迁以及最终以罗卜藏丹津之乱为契机被清朝并入旗制管理下的全过程。