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51.
S. Reza H. Shojaei Yadollah Waghei Mohsen Mohammadzadeh 《Journal of applied statistics》2018,45(8):1476-1483
The main objective of this study is to introduce two advanced statistical methods and to consider geographical distribution of tuberculosis incidence in Iran. With the knowledge that environmental and climatic conditions in each region are affective for the incidence and spread of the disease, the study has been taken into consideration. The disease incidences in different counties are realizations of spatial data, therefore we apply the Poisson kriging and ordinary kriging for prediction of tuberculosis incidence rates map in Iran. To identify high risk areas using statistical map of disease, our results show that tuberculosis incidences are not uniformly distributed in whole of the country and estimated risk is high in the eastern parts. Assessing geographical distribution of a disease is essential for health officials to recognize high-risk areas, and improve case management and resource allocation. 相似文献
52.
We consider the choice of union membership in the UK and its effect on the union/non‐union wage differential allowing for the endogeneity of the union choice. We include identifying variables not previously used and find that correcting for selectivity is important and has a large impact on the estimated differential. Moreover, union choice is itself affected by the wage gap. 相似文献
53.
54.
Using a general equilibrium model of a developing narcotics‐producing and ‐exporting economy, we analyze the economic effects of policies designed to restrict the production and trade of narcotics: foreign aid tied to anti‐narcotics law enforcement activities, demand reduction policies, and alternative development policies. We characterize the problem as one of serious factor market distortions introduced by illicit production and enforcement. While aid to enforcement generally reduces the production and export of narcotics, it is less effective for economies with market power, and under plausible conditions may raise narcotics output and have negative welfare implications for the recipient. (JEL F1) 相似文献
55.
Reza Azarian 《International Review of Sociology》2016,26(2):262-275
The article focuses on inter-firm relations, primarily seen as protective devises crafted for keeping at an arm's length various kinds of uncertainties involved in boundary transactions. Taking a holistic view, it proposes the notion of relational habitat, which refers to the relatively durable constellation of relations that connect a given firm to its main business partners. Performing a double-edged protective function, this constellation both stabilizes and simplifies the immediate operational domain of the firm and, thereby, diminishes to manageable levels the complexity of the relevant parts of the environment. By expanding the control of the firm beyond its organizational borders, relational habitat reduces the constraining impact of boundary uncertainty and enhances the action capacity of the firm – facilitating the materialization of its chosen line of action and its desired objectives. The article specifies this notion in detail and highlights some of its implications, both for the theoretical development of economic sociology and for its relation to economics. 相似文献
56.
In spite of increased attention to quality and efforts to provide safe medical care, adverse events (AEs) are still frequent in clinical practice. Reports from various sources indicate that a substantial number of hospitalized patients suffer treatment‐caused injuries while in the hospital. While risk cannot be entirely eliminated from health‐care activities, an important goal is to develop effective and durable mitigation strategies to render the system “safer.” In order to do this, though, we must develop models that comprehensively and realistically characterize the risk. In the health‐care domain, this can be extremely challenging due to the wide variability in the way that health‐care processes and interventions are executed and also due to the dynamic nature of risk in this particular domain. In this study, we have developed a generic methodology for evaluating dynamic changes in AE risk in acute care hospitals as a function of organizational and nonorganizational factors, using a combination of modeling formalisms. First, a system dynamics (SD) framework is used to demonstrate how organizational‐level and policy‐level contributions to risk evolve over time, and how policies and decisions may affect the general system‐level contribution to AE risk. It also captures the feedback of organizational factors and decisions over time and the nonlinearities in these feedback effects. SD is a popular approach to understanding the behavior of complex social and economic systems. It is a simulation‐based, differential equation modeling tool that is widely used in situations where the formal model is complex and an analytical solution is very difficult to obtain. Second, a Bayesian belief network (BBN) framework is used to represent patient‐level factors and also physician‐level decisions and factors in the management of an individual patient, which contribute to the risk of hospital‐acquired AE. BBNs are networks of probabilities that can capture probabilistic relations between variables and contain historical information about their relationship, and are powerful tools for modeling causes and effects in many domains. The model is intended to support hospital decisions with regard to staffing, length of stay, and investments in safety, which evolve dynamically over time. The methodology has been applied in modeling the two types of common AEs: pressure ulcers and vascular‐catheter‐associated infection, and the models have been validated with eight years of clinical data and use of expert opinion. 相似文献
57.
Reza Nakhaie 《Revue canadienne de sociologie》2015,52(4):377-401
This paper evaluates the economic benefits of self‐employment in Canada for 12 groups of ethno‐racial immigrants. It tests whether or not their self‐employment earnings are higher or lower than similar groups in wage and salary employment, whether ethnic minorities earn more or less from self‐employment compared to White immigrants, and whether self‐employment earnings of immigrant groups vary by their industrial sectors of employment. Using the Canadian Census 2006, I show that self‐employed ethno‐racial immigrants earn less than White immigrants. I also show that the economic benefits of self‐employment depend on the ethno‐racial groups and the industrial mix of their self‐employment. Cet article évalue les avantages économiques du travail indépendant au Canada pour 12 groupes d'immigrés ethnoraciaux. Il teste si les revenus du travail indépendant sont supérieurs ou inférieurs aux groupes similaires au sujet de salaire et de travail avec le salaire annuel, si les minorités ethniques gagnent plus ou moins de travail indépendant par rapport aux immigrés blancs, et si les revenus du travail indépendant des groupes immigrés varient par leurs secteurs industriels de travail. En utilisant le Recensement du Canada de 2006, je montre que les immigrés ethnoraciaux qui sont indépendants gagnent moins que les immigrés blancs. Je montre aussi que les avantages économiques dépendent des groupes ethnoraciaux et du mélange industriel de leur travail indépendant. 相似文献
58.
This article aims to transform the current approach to management consultancy so as to be in tune with the needs of business
and societies of our time. Such transformation is necessary so that consultancies are enabled to integrate technological,
economic and social innovation as opposed to the conventional form of business and technology alignment. It would then act
as enabler for such social innovation, with a view to building a healthy, sustainable enterprise, able to meaningfully engage
with the most burning social issues of the society in which it is involved. Social innovation, however, requires co-creation
between the consultancy, enterprises, business schools and communities. Such a consultancy, so the core argument of this article
goes, is indeed ideally positioned to reconnect these diverse parties. Hence, the evolution of management consultancy towards
an integrating force; such an approach is called “Integral Consulting”. For Integral Consulting to happen, four core gaps
need to be closed. The article describes these four gaps, and illustrates, in theory and in practice, how these gaps can be
bridged. In what follows, the case of Integral Consulting is featured, emerging within Deutsche Telekom’s consulting affiliate,
Detecon International, in co-creation with TRANS4M, a Geneva based laboratory for social innovation. 相似文献
59.
Mohammad Reza Rezvani Hossain Mansourian Mohammad Hossain Sattari 《Social indicators research》2013,112(1):203-220
Quality of urban life (QOUL) has become an important field within urban studies. The increased level of attention to this topic is due to the increasing importance of QoL studies in monitoring public policies and in the role they can play as effective tools in urban management and planning. The main objective of this study is to measure the QOUL in the town of Noorabad in Iran, using subjective and objective indicators. In addition to secondary datasets, this study relies on a perception survey of households in the selected city. Based on an 11-point Likert scale, the mean of the overall life satisfaction of the respondents was found to be 6.06. At the same time, it has been found that satisfaction from employment opportunities is lowest among all other indicators. The comparison between the subjective and objective QoL in Noorabad indicated that 25 % of the households are in a state of well-being, 30.1 % are in a state of deprivation, while 24.4 % are in dissonance and 20.4 % are in a state of adaptation. Although correlation between objective and subjective dimensions of the QoL has not been found to be high, in general, the findings of this study reveal the importance of simultaneous studying of both objective and subjective dimensions of QoL. Results and findings of this study will be useful in designing and implementing future policies in the town of Noorabad. 相似文献
60.
Reza Fallahchai Maryam Fallahi Manijeh Badiee 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2021,47(1):183-195
The aim of the present study was to replicate the efficacy of the Prevention and Relationship Education Program (PREP) training on marital satisfaction and dyadic adjustment among a group of Iranian newlyweds. One hundred and sixty heterosexual couples (N = 320 participants) were randomly assigned to an experimental or a wait list control group. Data from one hundred and forty‐eight couples were analyzed. Participants completed the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (The Family Journal, 1, 1993, 196–207) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (The Journal of Sex Research, 39, 1976, 190–196) at pretest, posttest, 1‐year follow‐up, and 2‐year follow‐up. Results indicated that mean marital satisfaction and dyadic adjustment scores between the experimental and control groups were significantly different at posttest. Therefore, PREP training improved marital satisfaction and dyadic adjustment of couples at posttest. The data suggests that PREP training program can be introduced as an effective relationship education program for Iranian newlyweds. 相似文献