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91.
Jürgen Wegge Rolf van Dick Gary K. Fisher Michael A. West Jeremy F. Dawson 《英国管理杂志》2006,17(3):237-254
Based on data from 2091 call centre representatives working in 85 call centres in the UK, central assumptions of affective events theory (AET) are tested. AET predicts that specific features of work (e.g. autonomy) have an impact on the arousal of emotions and moods at work that, in turn, co‐determine job satisfaction of employees. AET further proposes that job satisfaction is an evaluative judgement that mainly explains cognitive‐based behaviour, whereas emotions and moods better predict affective‐based behaviour. The results support these assumptions. A clear separation of key constructs (job satisfaction, positive and negative emotions) was possible. Moreover, correlations between several work features (e.g. supervisory support) and job satisfaction were, in part, mediated by work emotions, even when controlling for gender, age, call centre type (in‐house versus outsourced centres) and call centre size. Predictions regarding consequences of satisfaction and affect were partly corroborated as continuance commitment was more strongly related to job satisfaction than to positive emotions. In addition, affective commitment and health complaints were related to both emotions and job satisfaction to the same extent. Thus, AET is a fruitful framework for explaining why and how specific management strategies used for designing work features influence important organizational attitudes and well‐being of employees. 相似文献
92.
Kielhofner G Braveman B Baron K Fisher G Hammel J Littleton M 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》1999,12(1):37-45
This paper discusses application of the model of human occupation to the worker with an injury or disability. Concepts from the model of human occupation (MOHO) are used to frame potential work-related strengths and weaknesses. Using MOHO as a framework to understand the worker with an injury or disability provides a more complete and holistic understanding of the many factors which can affect a worker. In particular, the model illuminates how factors of capacity, motivation, lifestyle, and environment inter-relate in determining a worker's success or failure. Implications for using the model to achieve a more effective work-related practice are discussed. 相似文献
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94.
Australia’s low fertility rate is commonly attributed to deliberate decisions by women to avoid having children. Existing
theoretical explanations of fertility decision-making mostly view childbearing as a rational, voluntary process and focus
on the ‘costs’ to women of having children. Although this may help explain why women do not have children, it contributes
very little to understanding why women do have children. This study describes childbearing desires, expectations and outcomes
in a population-based sample of 569 30–34-years-old Australian women recruited from the Australian Electoral Roll in 2005.
Most women surveyed wanted to have children, and their childbearing outcomes were associated with biological, psychological
and social factors including the lack of a partner and adverse health conditions. The factors and their relative importance
varied by parity. Most women had fewer children than they desired, and many would have children, or more children, if their
circumstances were different. These data challenge prevailing assumptions about women’s childbearing behaviour that women
are able to choose when and if they have a child. Based on the findings, a conceptual framework of childbearing behaviour
is proposed which builds on existing theoretical explanations to explain why women do and do not have children, differences
by parity, and the role of circumstances in women’s childbearing behaviour. The findings and conceptual framework have implications
for public policies, and indicate that multiple approaches are required which are sensitive to and address the barriers women
face in family formation. 相似文献
95.
This article provides new estimates of the number and characteristics of same-sex married couples after U.S. Supreme Court rulings in 2013 and 2015 established rights to same-sex marriage. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service subsequently ruled that same-sex spouses would be treated as married for federal tax purposes. Because almost all married taxpayers file joint tax returns, administrative tax records provide new information on the demographic characteristics of married same-sex couples. This study provides estimates of the population of same-sex tax filers drawn from returns filed in 2013, 2014, and 2015, using methods developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to address measurement error in gender classification. We estimate that approximately 0.48 % of all joint filers in 2015 were same-sex couples, or approximately 250,450 couples. 相似文献
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98.
Since Donald Trump's inauguration, large‐scale protest events have taken place around the United States, with many of the biggest events being held in Washington, DC. The streets of the nation's capital have been flooded with people marching about a diversity of progressive issues, including women's rights, climate change, and gun violence. Although research has found that these events have mobilized a high proportion of repeat participants who come out again and again, limited research has focused on understanding differential participation in protest, especially during one cycle of contention. This article, accordingly, explores the patterns among the protest participants to understand differential participation and what we refer to as “persistence in the Resistance.” In it, we analyze a unique data set collected from surveys conducted with a field approximation of a random sample of protest participants at the largest protest events in Washington, DC, since the Resistance began at the 2017 Women's March. Our findings provide insights into repeat protesters during this cycle of contention. The article concludes by discussing how our findings contribute to the research on differential participation. 相似文献
99.
100.
Pension reform and labor market incentives 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
This paper investigates how parametric reform in a pay-as-you-go pension system with a tax–benefit link affects retirement
and work incentives of prime-age workers. We find that postponed retirement tends to harm incentives of prime-age workers
in the presence of a tax–benefit link, thereby creating a policy trade-off in stimulating aggregate labor supply. We show
how several popular reform scenarios are geared either towards young or old workers or, indeed, both groups under appropriate
conditions. We characterize the excess burden of pension insurance and show how it depends on the supply elasticities of both
decision margins and the effective tax rates. 相似文献