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91.
Deprivation index for small areas in Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carmen?Sánchez-CantalejoEmail author Ricardo?Ocana-Riola Alberto?Fernández-Ajuria 《Social indicators research》2008,89(2):259-273
The term deprivation is often used to refer to economic or social shortages in a given geographical area. This concept of
deprivation has been identified for years using simple indicators such as income level, education and social class. One of
the advantages of using simple indicators is the availability of data, since they come directly from sources of information
like censuses and population registers. However, the main disadvantage of these indicators is their limited usefulness when
measuring a concept as complex as deprivation with a single variable. One possible solution to this problem is using compound
indices, made up of a combination of simple indicators. For years, the concept of material deprivation in Spain has been measured
using indices or indicators imported from other countries. However, there are no studies that investigate if all of these
variables are really related to material deprivation in Spain. In this context, the objective of this study is to create a
synthetic index for material deprivation for the municipalities in Spain, bearing in mind the variables available from the
Population and Housing Census. The index was built on a principal components factor analysis. The analysis showed two factors.
The first factor showed a high positive correlation to the variables relating to illiteracy rate, unemployment rate and percentage
of manual labourers, while the second factor was seen as highly positively correlated to the variables relating to the percentage
of homes without access to a vehicle and the dependency index and also correlated, though negatively, to the percentage of
foreigners between 16 and 49 who lived abroad in 1991. The variables that make up the first factor can be considered to be
an approximation of the concept of deprivation in Spain. This study proposes a deprivation index made up of three simple indicators
available from national information sources: percentage of illiteracy, percentage of unemployment and percentage of manual
labourers. With this index, the criteria for measuring deprivation in Spanish municipalities can be unified and a comparison
of the results of the different studies in our context facilitated. 相似文献
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Ricardo Rocha Saralees Nadarajah Vera Tomazella Francisco Louzada 《Lifetime data analysis》2016,22(2):216-240
The presence of immune elements (generating a fraction of cure) in survival data is common. These cases are usually modeled by the standard mixture model. Here, we use an alternative approach based on defective distributions. Defective distributions are characterized by having density functions that integrate to values less than \(1\), when the domain of their parameters is different from the usual one. We use the Marshall–Olkin class of distributions to generalize two existing defective distributions, therefore generating two new defective distributions. We illustrate the distributions using three real data sets. 相似文献
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Martínez-Martínez Oscar A. Ramírez-López Araceli Velázquez Leyer Ricardo 《Social indicators research》2022,160(2-3):523-539
Social Indicators Research - One of the few universal programs in Latin America is the Food Pension for Adults Older than 68 (PAAM) of Mexico City, which aims to reduce food insecurity while... 相似文献
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99.
The Impact of Multiple Risk Factors on Young Children's Cognitive and Behavioural Development
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The paper maps out 10 risk factors measuring deficits in parent–child interaction, family–child interaction and the home environment. The prevalence of risk factor combinations is quantified using the UK Millennium Cohort Study data. In 2001, 28 per cent of families with young children were facing two or more risk factors at age 9–10 months old. Each combination of multiple risk factors accounted for a very small proportion of all MCS families. Specific risk factors were associated with particular developmental outcomes at age 5 and with changes from age 3 to age 5, but all leading to worse outcomes. The great diversity of risk‐factor combinations and their very small prevalence make the tasks of identifying such families and defining eligibility for support very difficult for policy‐makers. These results support the large body of policy literature advocating early intervention to improve children's development. 相似文献
100.
Keith Gottschalk 《Social Dynamics》2013,39(2):74-80
Angola Under the Portuguese: The Myth and the Reality, by Gerald Bender. Berkeley and Los Angeles; University of California Press, 1978, xxviii + 287pp. R11–40, pb. 相似文献