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361.
Henry R. Lesieur Ph.D. Richard J. Rosenthal M.D. 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1991,7(1):5-39
This is a review of the literature on pathological gambling prepared for the work group on disorders of impulse control, not elsewhere classified of the American Psychiatric Association. It introduces the new DSM-IV criteria as well as outlines the phases of the career of the pathological gambler. Research discussed includes that on pathological gambling and psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, family issues, children, finances, and crime. Psychoanalytic, personality, behavioral, sociological, psychologically based addiction theories, and physiological research are also summarized. Finally, treatment outcome studies are outlined.This article is dedicated to the memory of Robert L. Custer, MD whose inspiration and encouragement stimulated much of the research discussed herein. 相似文献
362.
Richard Kay 《Nonprofit management & leadership》1994,4(3):285-300
Recent efforts in research on leadership in voluntary not-for-profit organizations, research that has influenced the education and training of leaders, have been concentrated on identifying the behaviors or competencies of effective leaders. This article, while recognizing the value of competence typologies, questions the dominance of that approach and proposes that more research attention should be paid to the wisdom, creativity, and insight of leaders of voluntary organizations, focusing on their theories-in-use, which they use to create the meaning of their own and others' experience and action. 相似文献
363.
Richard L. Engdahl 《Nonprofit management & leadership》1991,1(4):345-356
In funding their national and international ministries, many mainline denominations report a shrinking financial base as local members and congregations change from the traditional unified budget approach to a designated or second pocket giving approach. This article traces the history of this development, relates it to biblical concepts of stewardship, discusses its implications for both religious and secular endeavors, and raises questions that require additional research. 相似文献
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366.
Richard B. Felson Jeff Ackerman Seong‐Jin Yeon 《Journal of marriage and the family》2003,65(3):622-634
We examined the frequency of domestic violence and verbal altercations relative to the level of domestic conflict using survey data from the United States and Korea. We found evidence that individuals are generally less likely to use violence during an altercation if the antagonist is a family member than if the antagonist is a stranger. People apparently have stronger inhibitions about hitting family members than about hitting strangers, and, as a result, domestic violence is infrequent relative to the level of domestic conflict. In addition, verbal altercations are more likely to occur in conflicts with partners and children than in conflicts involving strangers, suggesting that the relaxation of rules of politeness contributes to the expression of grievances and ultimately the use of violence in these relationships. 相似文献
367.
Pamela C. Cosman Robert M. Gray Richard A. Olshen 《Journal of applied statistics》1994,21(1-2):93-108
An image that is mapped into a bit stream suitable for communication over or storage in a digital medium is said to have been compressed. Using tree-structured vector quantizers (TSVQs) is an approach to image compression in which clustering algorithms are combined with ideas from tree-structured classification to provide code books that can be searched quickly and simply. The overall goal is to optimize the quality of the compressed image subject to a constraint on the communication or storage capacity, i.e. on the allowed bit rate. General goals of image compression and vector quantization are summarized in this paper. There is discussion of methods for code book design, particularly the generalized Lloyd algorithm for clustering, and methods for splitting and pruning that have been extended from the design of classification trees to TSVQs. The resulting codes, called pruned TSVQs, are of variable rate, and yield lower distortion than fixed-rate, full-search vector quantizers for a given average bit rate. They have simple encoders and a natural successive approximation (progressive) property. Applications of pruned TSVQs are discussed, particularly compressing computerized tomography images. In this work, the key issue is not merely the subjective attractiveness of the compressed image but rather whether the diagnostic accuracy is adversely aflected by compression. In recent work, TSVQs have been combined with other types of image processing, including segmentation and enhancement. The relationship between vector quantizer performance and the size of the training sequence used to design the code and other asymptotic properties of the codes are discussed. 相似文献
368.
Richard A. McCormick Ph.D. Julian I. Taber 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1991,7(2):99-108
Male pathological gamblers entering a comprehensive treatment program were followed-up for twelve months after treatment completion. Twelve month follow-up was obtained for 45 of the 66 patients entering treatment. Total abstinence was reported by 55% (n=25) of the patients located for twelve month follow-up. A relationship was found between abstinence at six month follow-up and selected subscales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, performance scale. The implications of these findings for sub-typing gamblers are discussed. 相似文献
369.
Richard A. McCormick Ph.D. 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1994,10(1):77-86
The importance of coping skill enhancement in the treatment of pathological gamblers is discussed. It is particularly critical to assess and enhance the coping skills of relapse prone gamblers who are marked by unusual degrees of impulsivity, high levels of negative affect and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A study of 1129 substance abusers, including 140 with serious gambling problems is reported. All were assessed to determine their repertoire of coping skills. The patients with serious gambling problems utilized significantly more avoidant and impulsive coping styles. 相似文献
370.