当代大学生消费状况调查报告——以河北科技师范学院为例

论文在河北科技师范学院大学生消费状况的调查资料基础上,分析了当代大学生的消费结构、消费特点以及存在的问题,并提出了以下几点建议:大学生自己要树立合理的消费观念,父母要注重培养孩子正确的消费观念,高校要健全奖学金和贷款等方面的管理制度,社会要规范大学生的消费市场秩序.     

Gamson’s law and hedonic games

This note adds one celebrated coalition formation game due to Gamson (Am Soc Rev 26:373–382 1961a, Am Soc Rev 26:565–573, 1961b) in the list of applications of the theory of hedonic games explored by Banerjee et al. (Soc Choice Welf 18:135–153, 2001) and Bogomolnaia and Jackson (Games Econ Behav 38: 204–230, 2002). We apply their results to study the original Gamson game and offer extensions both to a multi-dimensional characteristics space and to an infinite number of players.     

对供应商自建经销渠道的思考

供应商与零售商的矛盾长期存在。当前,供应商自建经销渠道、零售商发展自有品牌是各自的重要对策。供应商通过自建经销渠道掌控市场、维护自身品牌,但也存在弊端。对此,应该从政府、供应商自身以及行业协会等方面积极采取现实可行的措施,建立和谐的零供关系。     

守望乡土：人口快速城镇化不能损害三农发展

人口城镇化是经济社会现代化的重要方向、重要机制和重要成果。但城镇化的速度和模式一定要遵循客观规律,既不能“拔苗助长”(典型如“被城镇化”),也不能“顾此失彼”(突出如以农村凋敝为代价换取城镇的发展),我称之为“快速城镇化陷阱”。我国的新型城镇化应该新在质量高、效益好,而不是速度快、新城多。当下中国正处于城镇化大跃进的阶段,城镇化冲动极其强烈,2012年,常住人口城镇化率达到52.57%,户籍人口城镇化率只有35.14%,正处在城镇化发展规律S曲线30%-70%的加速通道上。速度太快了,容易失衡和断裂,掉入“快速城镇化陷阱”,这显然有违我国城镇化之初衷。     

塔吉克语的使用与保护——来自新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县的调查

中国的塔吉克族在历史发展中逐渐丧失了自己本民族的文字,成为我国有语言而无文字的特殊民族之一。在长期发展过程中,受民族分布格局和人文环境等因素的影响,塔吉克民族在语言使用上普遍呈现多语化的现象。"天生的翻译家"——这一特殊身份不仅是对塔吉克民族自身文化适应性的反映,也从某种程度上反映了塔吉克民族在多元文化中的弱势和无奈。如何在经济文化发展的浪潮中保存塔吉克族的语言,不仅引起了学者的关注,也成为塔吉克民族自身不断反思的问题。基于塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县的调查,就此问题进行了探讨。     

“THE WAR FOR THE FARE”: HOW DRIVER COMPENSATION AFFECTS BUS SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Prior to 2007, two systems of bus driver compensation coexisted in Santiago, Chile: one paid drivers per passenger transported, while the other paid a fixed wage. Per‐passenger drivers engaged in “The War for the Fare,” altering their driving patterns to compete for passengers. Examining these systems on similar routes in Santiago, we observed two key findings. Compared with the fixed‐wage system, the per‐passenger system leads to (1) 13% shorter passenger wait times, via reduced bunching of buses and (2) 67% more accidents per kilometer driven, via more aggressive driving. We discuss implications for the design of incentives in public transit. (JEL L92, M52, R41)     

The Jackknife estimate of covariance of two Kaplan–Meier integrals with covariables

In this paper the Jackknife estimate of covariance of two Kaplan–Meier integrals with covariates is introduced. Its strong consistency is established under mild conditions. Several applications of the estimator are discussed.     

Expanded renal transplantation: a competing risk model approach

Multi-state models (MSMs) are useful to analyze survival data when, besides the event of main interest, one or more intermediate states of the individual are identified. These models take the several existing states and the possible transitions among them into account. At the same time, covariate effects on each transition intensity may be investigated separately and, therefore, MSMs are more flexible than the standard Cox proportional hazards model. In this work, we use MSMs to investigate the impact of the quality of a transplanted kidney for a group of patients at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Specifically, we use an illness-death model to study the evolution of patients with kidney disease who received a renal transplant after a dialysis period. The intermediate state is defined as the failure of the received organ, while the terminating state is the death of the patient. In order to increase the potential number of organs available for transplant, the standards of quality for the transplanted kidneys were relaxed (the new criteria are labeled expanded criteria), and these ‘expanded kidneys’ were transplanted in appropriate candidates (older patients, with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus). Results suggest that the expanded kidneys have a minor effect on survival, while both the kidney mortality and the risk of death increase with the patient's age and the serum creatinine and serum hemoglobin levels.     

论宋初体

宋初体是由刘熙载首先提出的与瘦硬体相区别的一个词体概念,它主要指宋初时由词人群体写作集团所构成的词体范畴。从其词人构成来说,宋初体词人属于松散的士大夫词人集团,却有着近似的时代特征,一是承传着早期文人词的某些特点,书写士大夫的怀抱;二是效仿花间,词写艳科,从而具有了花间和早期文人词的双重品格。宋初体体现了北宋士大夫群体觉醒前夕的词体状态,为晏欧体等的出现,奠定了基础。另外,就应体特征而言,花间体主要是为宫廷贵族的应制应歌,宋初体呈现应制应歌向应社的转型,瘦硬体则实现应社之特征。宋初体与瘦硬体无论在词人的创作动机、词体特征、词史地位等方面都存在种种差异,正是在这一意义上,生年晚于瘦硬体代表人物张先的宋祁被归入宋初体词人阵营。     

公共政策的经济诱因与地方发展

促进经济发展是政府公共政策的主要职能。我国特殊的历史背景赋予了地方政府发展经济的重任,利用公共政策促进地方发展成为我国各地方政府的重要职责。当前我国地方政府公共政策制定的主要经济诱因包括税收减免、财政补贴、发展工业园区等。上述模式存在诸多问题,需要通过转变经济诱因方式、协调地方政府机制、给予地方政府更大空间、重视本地开发等一系列手段加以改进。