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111.
Students from underrepresented groups who seek to become the first in their family to attend college confront economically and racially stratified education systems. This article reports findings from an evaluation of First Graduate, an organization that offers college advising, mentoring, tutoring, and case management to first-generation students starting in seventh grade. We highlight three systems that youth say they encountered on their pathway to college: open enrollment, course taking, and college admissions. We describe how youth navigated these systems and the roles that adults played in support. Our conclusion discusses implications for how after-school programs can support first-generation students. 相似文献
112.
Social Workers' Understanding of Autistic Spectrum Disorders: An Exploratory Investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
How social workers perceive autistic spectrum disorders (ASD)will inevitably impact upon how they assess the needs of childrenwith ASD and their families, and upon the types of service orinterventions they seek to provide to meet those needs. However,little is known of social workers understanding of thecondition. Using a research instrument devised by Mavropoulou and Padeliadu (2000),a study was carried out of all social workers working with disabledchildren in an English local authority. The results showed thatthough many workers had a good understanding of some aspectsof the condition, there was also confusion about some key factsconcerning ASD, the characteristics of ASD and scientific terminology,an inaccurate understanding of intervention approaches, anda more positive attitude towards the ability of generic servicesto meet need than was supported by the literature. Implicationsare discussed in terms of the provision of services to familiesof children with ASD in the UK, and the limitations of thisstudy are recognized. 相似文献
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Zheng F Plati AR Banerjee A Elliot S Striker LJ Striker GE 《Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE》2003,2003(29):PE20
Renal disease affects 11% of people in the United States over the age of 65, not including those with diabetes or hypertension. Although glomerular disease is the most common underlying etiology of age-related renal dysfunction, the cause of glomerular disease and whether it is the only contributor to renal failure are not known. Our studies in female mice show that renal disease in the postmenopausal period is associated with progressive glomerular enlargement and scarring, as well as abnormal renal function. To study the underlying causes of aging-related glomerular disease, we isolated and characterized glomerular smooth muscle (mesangial) cells from female mice of various ages. We found that the cells from older mice exhibit a variety of phenotypic changes, including increased concentrations of p27, a protein that serves to inhibit progression from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Because the bone marrow (BM) contains mesangial cell progenitors that can transfer the donor glomerular phenotype (normal or diseased) to recipients, we exchanged BM between postmenopausal and premenopausal mice and found that aging-related glomerular enlargement and scarring are transferred to young recipient glomeruli. In addition, BM from normal, young donors led to the regression of aging-related glomerular disease in postmenopausal recipients; namely, both glomerular enlargement and scarring were reduced. Thus, aging-related glomerular disease is an entity distinct from all other causes of renal disease, is characterized by phenotypic changes in mesangial cell progenitors, and is reversible when the phenotype of the progenitors is returned to normal. 相似文献
116.
This paper illustrates that higher education is a system integrated by shared values and is also differentiated according to institutional teaching orientations. This illustration is accomplished through a “visual display” of shared and differentiated teaching goals as faculty reported these in a national survey conducted in 1973. Using these teaching goals, six normative teaching orientations are derived. The six orientations associated with higher educational institutional variation reduce to four types of teaching environments. Relating these environments to each other refiects a system according to the Parsonian AGIL framework. 相似文献
117.
Rita Jalali 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(2):161-188
This article seeks to understand how the Indian state exercises control over transnational ties between foreign and domestic
actors by examining the national legislative practices that determine receipt of foreign funds and the data on foreign funding
flows to NGOs (a database of more than 18,000 associations). The article shows how legislative practices of democratic states
serve to reduce foreign influence. Issue characteristics are also shown to determine state response to externalization, blocking
transnational ties in “high politics” areas such as minority claims. Finally, within state imposed restrictions, religious
rather than secular organizations remain dominant transnational actors in India. The study contributes evidence to suggest
that contrary to the arguments of world polity theory and many transnational social movement scholars, states continue to
remain powerful actors limiting transnationalization.
相似文献
Rita JalaliEmail: |
118.
Nicole Borg Cunen Julie Jomeen Rita Borg Xuereb Angela Poat 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(4):e141-e151
Background
Expectant parents develop varying degrees of emotional affiliation with the unborn child. Interventions supporting this relationship may be beneficial given its link to maternal health behaviour during pregnancy, as well as the parental–infant bond after birth.Aim
To identify and describe the effects of programmes and strategies that have addressed the parental–fetal relationship.Method
English-language primary studies, published between 2005–2015, were identified and their methodological quality was assessed. Databases used included CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Key search terms included maternal/paternal–fetal attachment, prenatal bond, parental–fetal relationship and intervention. RCTs, non-RCTs, observational and non-comparative studies, before and after studies and case studies were included.Findings
Twenty-seven papers were included. Studies evaluated the effects of various strategies, including ultrasound and screening procedures, fetal awareness interventions, social and psychological support techniques, educational programmes and relaxation strategies. Results are inconsistent due to the diversity of interventions and significant variation in methodological quality.Conclusion
There is insufficient evidence to support definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of any included intervention. A number of limitations, such as non-probability sampling, lack of blinding, and insufficient follow-up weaken the evidence. The inclusion of fathers in only three studies reflects the overall neglect of men in research regarding the prenatal relationship. Further in-depth study of the nature of the maternal/paternal–fetal relationship may be needed in order to allow for the identification of interventions that are consistently beneficial and worthwhile. 相似文献119.
Bannon WM Beharie N Olshtain-Mann O McKay MM Goldstein L Cavaleri MA Loiacono ML Elwyn LJ Kalogerogiannis K Torres E Paulino A Lawrence R 《Children and youth services review》2012,34(1):1-7
Objective
This study examines the relationship between family processes and youth substance use debuts among a sample of youth residing in urban family homeless shelters.Method
Data regarding shelter experiences, youth and family characteristics, and the use of three substances (i.e., cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) were gathered from a sample of youth (11-14 years) and their respective parents residing in an urban family homeless shelter system. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influences on youth substance use.Results
Of the 198 youth included in the statistical analysis, 72% (n = 143) reported no substance use debuts, while 18% (n = 35) indicated one and 10% (n = 20) indicated two to three substance use debuts. Within the final model, greater substance use debut was associated with being older (13-14 vs. 11-12; OR = 7.5; 95% CI = 1.8-30.9) and stressors exposure (OR = 4.8; 95% CI = 1.5-14.7). Furthermore, youth of adult caretakers that reported low levels of the three family processes considered were almost four and a half more likely (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.2-16.5) to have made two to three substance use debuts.Conclusions
Family processes may be a particularly important intervention target toward reducing the rate of substance use among youth residing in urban family homeless shelters. 相似文献120.
This study proposes and tests a conceptual model that not only measures public engagement with corporate pages on social networking sites, but also evaluates the influence of such engagement on important perceptual, relational, and behavioral outcomes. Study results provide empirical evidence of the positive effects of public engagement on perceived corporate authenticity, organizational transparency, organization–public relationships, and public advocacy. Findings underscore the importance of public engagement via social media on enhancing perceived corporate transparency and authenticity, and thereby cultivating strong relationships. Additionally, organization–public relationships emerged as a deciding factor driving the effects of public engagement on advocacy behaviors. 相似文献