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661.
662.
Kristen MacPherson Rebekah Lattin-Rawstrone Rob Senior Jacqueline Barnes 《Children & Society》2005,19(3):237-245
The NHS has emphasised the need for rigorous evaluations of preventative home-visiting support (Bull and others, 2004) in building a public health evidence base. Interdisciplinary studies involving the NHS in any capacity are subject to ethical review by NHS Research Ethics Committees. However, the current process of ethical review does not respond flexibly to research conducted by non-NHS organisations. Through documentary analysis, this paper describes the experience of a non-clinical research evaluation of a family support service offered during pregnancy and the difficulties encountered in gaining ethical approval. Implications for social science research with minimal NHS involvement are discussed and recommendations for improvements suggested. 相似文献
663.
Peter Hall Jiying Yin 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2003,65(4):869-886
Summary. Multiperiodic functions, or functions that can be represented as finite additive mixtures of periodic functions, arise in problems related to stellar radiation. There they represent the overall variation in radiation intensity with time. The individual periodic components generally correspond to different sources of radiation and have intrinsic physical meaning provided that they can be 'deconvolved' from the mixture. We suggest a combination of kernel and orthogonal series methods for performing the deconvolution, and we show how to estimate both the sequence of periods and the periodic functions themselves. We pay particular attention to the issue of identifiability, in a nonparametric sense, of the components. This aspect of the problem is shown to exhibit particularly unusual features, and to have connections to number theory. The matter of rates of convergence of estimators also has links there, although we show that the rate-of-convergence problem can be treated from a relatively conventional viewpoint by considering an appropriate prior distribution for the periods. 相似文献
664.
Laura Wilkinson-Meyers Paul Brown Jeanne Reeve Rob McNeill Philip Patston Sacha Dylan 《Disability & Society》2014,29(10):1540-1553
This article presents the qualitative findings from a larger mixed methods study of the barriers and costs associated with disability in New Zealand. A social model of disability framework was integrated with an economic cost model using consensual budget standards to (1) identify key barriers disabled people experience in their everyday living and (2) develop consensus about the resources disabled people agree they require to reduce or remove them. Forty-nine people with physical, hearing, vision or intellectual impairment participated in a series of 8 impairment-based focus groups. The analysis identified inaccessible environments, negative attitudes, unreliable transportation and poor access to information as key barriers. However, lack of adequate and appropriate resources (e.g. equipment, modifications, support, transport and time) to address these barriers was the overarching obstacle to participation. The inclusion of time as both a barrier and a valuable resource is arguably the most important contribution of the study. 相似文献
665.
Huang C Mehta NK Elo IT Cunningham SA Stephenson R Williamson DF Narayan KM 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(3):399-418
This study aimed to test the “healthy immigrant” hypothesis and assess health heterogeneity among newly arrived working-age
immigrants (18–64 years) from various regions of origin. Using the 5% sample of the 2000 U.S. Census (PUMS), we found that,
compared with their native-born counterparts, immigrants from all regions of the world were less likely to report mental disability
and physical disability. Immigrants from selected regions of origin were, however, more likely to report work disability.
Significant heterogeneity in disabilities exists among immigrants: Those from Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia reported the
highest risk of mental and physical disability, and those from East Asia reported the lowest risk of physical disability.
Furthermore, Mexican immigrants reported the lowest risk of mental disability, and Canadian immigrants reported the lowest
risk of work disability. Socioeconomic status and English proficiency partially explained these differences. The health advantage
of immigrants decreased with longer U.S. residence. 相似文献
666.
Jason P. Kaye Sara E. Eckert Daniel A. Gonzales Jonathan O. Allen Sharon J. Hall Ryan A. Sponseller Nancy B. Grimm 《Urban Ecosystems》2011,14(4):737-754
Urban atmospheres can have high concentrations of particulate organic carbon (oC) but the rate and fate oC deposition in near-urban
ecosystems are rarely quantified. We collected atmospheric particulate matter in Phoenix, AZ and applied these samples to
Sonoran Desert soils in a series of laboratory incubation experiments. The addition of fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm aerodynamic
diameter) increased microbial respiration in soils collected from the interspaces between desert shrubs. The increase in soil
respiration was equivalent to 25% to 30% of the added oC. In contrast, we did not detect increases in respiration when coarse
particulate matter (>2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter) was added to interspace soils, suggesting that coarse particulate oC is
recalcitrant to microbial decomposition. Due to comparatively higher background levels of C mineralization, we rarely detected
changes in microbial respiration when fine or coarse particulate oC was added to soils collected beneath shrub canopies. We
measured total atmospheric C concentrations within and surrounding Phoenix and, using inferential methods, estimated rates
of deposition that ranged from 0.02 to 0.58 mg C m−2 d−1 for fine particles and from 0 to 6.15 mg C m−2 d−1 for coarse particles. Results show that fine atmospheric particulate matter deposited at low rates downwind of Phoenix is
a labile oC substrate for soil heterotrophs. In contrast, oC deposited at higher rates as coarse particulate matter may accumulate
in soils due to slow microbial decomposition rates. 相似文献
667.
668.
This paper reports indirect evidence that prenatal sex selection is a contributor to the recent increase in sex ratio at birth
in Vietnam. The paper uses birth data from the Population Change Survey 2006 to assess the associations between sex ratio
at birth and variables that predict increased opportunities to practise prenatal sex selection, including maternal knowledge
of foetal sex before birth, the use of ultrasound for foetal sex determination, the gestation week when foetal sex was disclosed,
and access to abortion services. The high sex ratio of most recent births was significantly associated with the use of ultrasound
to determine the foetal sex in gestation weeks 12–22 and with access to family planning services that provide abortion. Prenatal
sex selection in health facilities are likely to contribute to the recent increase in sex ratio at birth in Vietnam. 相似文献
669.
670.
Christopher Hall Stef Slembrouck Emma Haigh Anita Lee 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2010,19(3):348-357
Hall C, Slembrouck S, Haigh E, Lee A. The management of professional roles during boundary work in child welfare Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 348–357 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. This article examines the ways in which child welfare professionals negotiate their roles and those of other professionals in home visits with clients, in this case the parents of young children. The concept of boundary work is developed within the context of the professional–client encounter. Drawing on Goffman's concept of ‘footing’, the analysis examines how professionals attend to ways of constructing family problems in terms of appropriate professional interventions – both from themselves and others. It is argued that the careful consideration of how problems merit interventions displays an adherence to the development of the supportive relations which move beyond strict professional remits. The article adds to the research evidence, which sees inter‐professional coordination as a complex matter, located in everyday practice rather than as advocating more tightly monitored procedure. 相似文献