全文获取类型
收费全文 | 32743篇 |
免费 | 628篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 4808篇 |
民族学 | 177篇 |
人才学 | 2篇 |
人口学 | 4492篇 |
丛书文集 | 113篇 |
教育普及 | 3篇 |
理论方法论 | 2640篇 |
现状及发展 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 581篇 |
社会学 | 15374篇 |
统计学 | 5181篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 132篇 |
2020年 | 324篇 |
2019年 | 442篇 |
2018年 | 2065篇 |
2017年 | 2260篇 |
2016年 | 1549篇 |
2015年 | 442篇 |
2014年 | 556篇 |
2013年 | 3678篇 |
2012年 | 1053篇 |
2011年 | 1812篇 |
2010年 | 1528篇 |
2009年 | 1241篇 |
2008年 | 1348篇 |
2007年 | 1529篇 |
2006年 | 594篇 |
2005年 | 777篇 |
2004年 | 754篇 |
2003年 | 676篇 |
2002年 | 606篇 |
2001年 | 595篇 |
2000年 | 619篇 |
1999年 | 529篇 |
1998年 | 388篇 |
1997年 | 371篇 |
1996年 | 420篇 |
1995年 | 361篇 |
1994年 | 340篇 |
1993年 | 339篇 |
1992年 | 393篇 |
1991年 | 364篇 |
1990年 | 326篇 |
1989年 | 342篇 |
1988年 | 338篇 |
1987年 | 286篇 |
1986年 | 293篇 |
1985年 | 332篇 |
1984年 | 321篇 |
1983年 | 288篇 |
1982年 | 246篇 |
1981年 | 218篇 |
1980年 | 197篇 |
1979年 | 236篇 |
1978年 | 214篇 |
1977年 | 191篇 |
1976年 | 166篇 |
1975年 | 192篇 |
1974年 | 141篇 |
1973年 | 130篇 |
1971年 | 114篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
851.
In France over the last four decades increasing interest in the small, the specific and the subjective can be observed. This involves a shift away from a holist approach towards social analysis focused on the individual and often carried out by researchers as specified and reflexive individuals. To be understood, this movement must be situated in the context of the development of French sociology, largely dominated at its origins by Durkheimian sociology. Thus, when the individual has appeared this is often not in his or her own right, but as representative of a social trend or group. As from the 1980s, new perspectives, very often imported from American sociology bring into play individual action, emotions and bodies, often studied as socially shaped. More recently, individual characteristics have been examined as a constraint on the possibilities of action, and discussion has also revolved around the reality of the person as an autonomous subject. 相似文献
852.
Utz Schäffer Jan-Philipp Lüdtke Diedrich Bremer Matthias Häußler 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2012,82(1):47-73
This paper investigates the influence of accounting standards on systematic earnings understatement. To isolate the effect
of reporting regulations from those of other institutional drivers of earnings management, Holthausen (2003) proposes analyzing
reporting practices in a country undergoing a transition in accounting standards. We respond to this call by analyzing earnings
management practices of large German-listed companies before and after their transitions from German GAAP to IFRS. Specifically,
we focus on Big Bath behavior following Chief Financial Officer turnovers between 1999 and 2006. Our findings provide evidence
of the effect of accounting standards on the existence of this particular earnings understatement pattern. However, while
we detect Big Bath behavior for our sample of German GAAP firms, we find no such indication for those firms reporting under
IFRS. Controlling for alternative explanations such as self-selection bias does not change our findings. We conclude that
accounting standards seem to have a considerable influence on earnings management behavior, independent of managers’ and auditors’
incentives. 相似文献
853.
Luca Zanin 《Social indicators research》2017,132(2):925-947
We employ cross-sectional microdata from 2010 through 2012 collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics to investigate the proposed conceptual framework regarding the joint relationship between education, life satisfaction and the probability of social trust. The analysis has been carried out using two alternative specifications of the logit model: parametric and semiparametric. Our findings suggest that (a) both modelling methods that we utilise yield consistent results in terms of the positive effects of education and life satisfaction on social trust; (b) for unsatisfied individuals, social trust is generally low and largely unresponsive to the individual’s education level, whereas for ‘sufficiently satisfied’ individuals, social trust increases strongly with education; (c) there are some gender differences in the joint relationship between education, life satisfaction and social trust and (d) the parametric approach tends to mask some interesting patterns that are captured by the semiparametric specification. This finding implies that the parametric approach leads to a biased interpretation of the results, with an apparent failure of some of the assumptions made in the conceptual framework. 相似文献
854.
Thomas Muehlenstaedt Olivier Roustant Laurent Carraro Sonja Kuhnt 《Statistics and Computing》2012,22(3):723-738
Kriging models have been widely used in computer experiments for the analysis of time-consuming computer codes. Based on kernels,
they are flexible and can be tuned to many situations. In this paper, we construct kernels that reproduce the computer code
complexity by mimicking its interaction structure. While the standard tensor-product kernel implicitly assumes that all interactions
are active, the new kernels are suited for a general interaction structure, and will take advantage of the absence of interaction
between some inputs. The methodology is twofold. First, the interaction structure is estimated from the data, using a first
initial standard Kriging model, and represented by a so-called FANOVA graph. New FANOVA-based sensitivity indices are introduced
to detect active interactions. Then this graph is used to derive the form of the kernel, and the corresponding Kriging model
is estimated by maximum likelihood. The performance of the overall procedure is illustrated by several 3-dimensional and 6-dimensional
simulated and real examples. A substantial improvement is observed when the computer code has a relatively high level of complexity. 相似文献
855.
856.
Karla A. Lassonde Carolina Surla Jeffrey A. Buchanan Edward J. O'Brien 《Journal of Aging Studies》2012,26(2):174-181
Ageism is an important topic in our society, considering the burgeoning older adult population. Ageism is often measured using explicit questionnaires; however, given the impact of social desirability, implicit measures of ageism have been developed. In this study, the contradiction paradigm, an implicit measure of stereotypes (Lassonde, under review) was used to measure age-related stereotypes in passages describing older adults. Participants read passages with target sentences more slowly when these sentences described behaviors that were inconsistent rather than consistent with age-related stereotypes. Participants also completed a series of self-report questionnaires measuring ageism. Results demonstrated that reading times using the contradiction paradigm were not related to outcomes on the self-report questionnaires. A comparison of the contradiction paradigm to a social desirability scale revealed that it was not vulnerable to social desirability. This confirms the contradiction paradigm's use as an implicit measure of age-related stereotypes. Although there is no clear relation between the contradiction paradigm and popular explicit measures, a next important step would be to determine the point in which implicit knowledge and intentional behavioral responses interact. 相似文献
857.
Patrick Kampkötter Kathrin Marggraf Jan-Hendrik Zimmermann 《Review of Managerial Science》2017,11(1):1-18
We investigate organizational determinants and performance effects of formal target agreements for employees based on the IAB establishment panel, a representative panel of German establishments. The results show that establishments with a high employee turnover rate, a large proportion of temporary workers, and a highly qualified workforce are significantly more likely to implement target agreements. Also, establishments with works councils installed are more likely to do so, controlling, among others, for firm size. Concerning organizational performance, we apply a first-difference and a fixed effects approach and find that establishments that implement target agreements achieve around 5 % higher total sales compared to firms that did not introduce this practice. Hence, organizations seem to benefit from the implementation of formal target agreements for employees. 相似文献
858.
Abdul Saboor Shumaila Sadiq Atta Ullah Khan Gulnaz Hameed 《Social indicators research》2017,133(1):31-45
Massive increase in crimes has coexisted with rising inflation and high unemployment for the last couple of decades especially during democratic governments in Pakistan. In this paper, we explore the relationship between crime rate, misery index and democracy in Pakistan from 1975 to 2013. Granger causality test proposed the unidirectional causality running from misery index to crime rate in Pakistan. Estimating the crime function via Pasaran’s conditional error correction model, we found the significant long run equilibrium relationship between Okun’s misery index and crime rate which implies that rising inflation and unemployment rate are the major driving forces towards increasing crime rates in Pakistan. Finally, empirical evidence from Okun’s misery index suggested that people are three times more miserable in quasi democratic periods than that of dictatorship. The Barrow’s misery index model verifies that people are twice worsening in quasi democratic periods. Likewise, reported crimes are nearly twice during quasi democracy than quasi dictatorship. The crime model provided the evidence that people during quasi democratic governments are more likely tending towards crime as compared to quasi dictatorship during the study period in Pakistan. This implicitly advocates the fact that half hearted efforts and ill structured apparatus of democracy can augment the tendency of crime and misery rather than solution of such concerns of the economy. 相似文献
859.
Astrid Schreyögg 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2017,24(1):5-20
This paper focuses on coaching and similar types of consulting in the field of personnel development. First the author discusses the current debate concerning personnel development; finally she describes the special goals, target-groups and issues of coaching, clinical supervision, mediation, mentoring and outplacement-consulting within the field of personnel development. 相似文献
860.
Florian Pausinger 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2017,33(4):1378-1394
We present tight upper and lower bounds for the traveling salesman path through the points of two-dimensional modular lattices. We use these results to bound the traveling salesman path of two-dimensional Kronecker point sets. Our results rely on earlier work on shortest vectors in lattices as well as on the strong convergence of Jacobi–Perron type algorithms. 相似文献