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821.
Nan Marie Astone Constance A. Nathanson Robert Schoen Young J. Kim 《Population and development review》1999,25(1):1-31
The analytic models used by family demographers would be strengthened by the concept of social capital, placed in the context of social exchange theory. Using that concept to designate resources that emerge from social ties, the authors advance five propositions: 1) social capital is a multidimensional attribute of an individual; 2) the dimensions of social capital are the number of relationships a person has, their quality (strength), and the resources available through those relationships; 3) group membership and interaction facilitate the development of social capital; 4) the structural properties of groups influence the development of social capital; and 5) the acquisition and maintenance of social capital is a major motivator of human behavior. The formation of sexual partnerships, the birth and rearing of children, and both intragenerational and intergenerational transfers constitute major forms of investment in social capital in virtually all societies. 相似文献
822.
Robert?E.?GoodinEmail author James?Mahmud?Rice Michael?Bittman Peter?Saunders 《Social indicators research》2005,73(1):43-70
People’s welfare is a function of both time and money. People can – and, it is said, increasingly do – suffer time-poverty as well as money-poverty. It is undeniably true that people feel increasingly time pressured, particularly in dual-earner households. But much of the time devoted to paid and unpaid tasks is over and above that which is strictly necessary. In that sense, much of the time pressure that people feel is discretionary and of their own making. Using data from the 1992 Australian Time Use Survey, this paper demonstrates that the magnitude of this ‘time-pressure illusion’ varies across population groups, being least among lone parents and greatest among the childless and two-earner couples. 相似文献
823.
Most population data are collected and tabulated in an aggregate form by censuses around the world in which political and
economic considerations determine the geographic unit of the aggregation. Large spatial variation in population size among,
units can limit comparative analysis among different subregions. Census population counts are often used as the denominator
in rate calculations. This paper proposes the design of new districts for Australian metropolitan areas that will decrease
the absolute range in population among districts. The transport algorithm is used for aggregation of Collection Districts
in order to achieve this goal. The transport algorithm proved efficient in assigning CDs to a more equitable alignment of
population in the selected Statistical Divisions. This method affords the spatial comparison of city settlement and socio-economic
variables as well as deriving a stable denominator for these comparisons. The results demonstrate the advantages of equalized
population denominators over those associated with the current statistical districts. 相似文献
824.
Pregnancy Wantedness And Maternal Behavior During Pregnancy 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
825.
This paper estimates ever-married birth rates by age and duration since first marriage and ever-married total fertility rates for the Republic of Korea, derived by applying an extension of the own-children method of fertility estimation to the 1975 and 1980 censuses. Since each census provides annual estimates for the 15-year period previous to enumeration, there is a ten-year period of overlapping estimates that facilitates checks for consistency and accuracy. Comparisons are also made with estimates derived from the 1974 Korea National Fertility Survey, which was part of the World Fertility Survey. The method works well, except in its application to the 1975 Census where the evidence suggests considerable misreporting of age at first marriage because of the way the question was asked and coded. Results confirm that ever-married fertility fell substantially in Korea between 1961 and 1980, with a temporary resurgence in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Ever-married fertility rose at younger ages and shorter durations and fell at older ages and longer durations. Ever-married fertility differentials by urban-rural residence and by education were usually in the expected direction, with urban fertility generally lower than rural fertility and the fertility of those with more education usually lower than the fertility of those with less education. Differential ever-married fertility by urban-rural residence and education declined over the estimation period. 相似文献
826.
Using two different methods of assessment, the goal of the present research was twofold: (1) to examine the relative influence that different standards of comparison have in determining satisfaction with various job facets; and (2) to examine the relative consistency of each standard's influence across job facets. According to both direct reports and the strength of empirical relationships, the results indicated that some standards of comparison were stronger predictors of facet satisfaction than others. The consistency of a standard's influence or predictive power depended on the particular standard of comparison under consideration. Some standards were consistently strong or consistently weak predictors of facet satisfaction, regardless of the particular job facet. However, for other standards of comparison, the amount of predictive influence depended on the particular job facet. Within the context of discrepancy-based theories of job satisfaction, results are discussed in terms of their comparability across the two different methods of assessment, and the directions they suggest for future research. 相似文献
827.
The current study assessed the subjective well-being of a broad spectrum of homeless people. One-hundred-and-eighty-six homeless
people from the streets of Calcutta (India), California, and a tent camp in Portland (Oregon) were interviewed, and responded
to measures of subjective well-being. They answered questions about life satisfaction, satisfaction with various life domains,
and their experience of positive and negative emotions. The mean rating of life satisfaction was slightly negative for both
American samples but positive for the pavement dwellers in Calcutta. Satisfaction with self-related domains was positive,
whereas satisfaction with material related domains was generally negative. Satisfaction with social domains appears to be
the area of largest variation among the groups. We discuss the importance of social factors and basic material needs as they
relate to overall subjective well-being of the homeless. 相似文献
828.
Using historical census microdata, we present a unique analysis of racial and gender disparities in destination selection and an exploration of hypotheses regarding tied migration in the historical context of the Great Migration. Black migrants were more likely to move to metropolitan areas and central cities throughout the period, while white migrants were more likely to locate in nonmetropolitan and farm destinations. Gender differences were largely dependent on marital status. Consistent with the "tied-migration" thesis, married women had destination outcomes that were similar to those of men, whereas single women had a greater propensity to reside in metropolitan locations where economic opportunities for women were more plentiful. 相似文献
829.
Michael YL Perrin N Bowen D Cochrane BB Wisdom JP Brzyski R Ritenbaugh C 《Journal of women & aging》2005,17(1-2):5-18
Inhibition of emotional expression has been associated with the incidence and progression of breast cancer and other chronic illnesses. Others have theorized that it may not be repression itself, but rather ambivalence over the expression of emotions that is the important health-related factor. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a long-term, national study focusing on disease prevention among postmenopausal women, is unique in its assessment of expression and ambivalence of negative emotion in a large study sample of multiethnic, older women. Psychological factors such as expression of negative emotion and ambivalence about expression of emotion are also determined by social patterning. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure each construct and variation across race/ethnicity and age. The analysis suggests that the scales can be used with confidence in diverse ethnic and age groups. Examining ambivalence about expression of negative emotion in future longitudinal research will further elucidate its role in predicting disease incidence and recovery, both important in reducing the public health burden of chronic disease. 相似文献