Recent migration from Ontario to Atlantic Canada: a comparison of returning and non-return migrants

Parmi les gens qui chaque année quittent les provinces atlantiques pour l'Ontario, certains y demeurent et d'autres retournent dans leur province d'origine. C'est cette migration du retour, de l'Ontario vers les Maritimes, qui est étudiée ici à partir des données du recensement de 1981, pour la période allant de 1976 à 1981. Entre les deux groupes de migrants — ceux qui restent en Ontario et ceux qui retournent — des différences importantes existent: différences socio-démographiques et différences relatives aux types d'emploi détenus. En appliquant le modèle analytique de l'emploi marginal aux situations d'emploi de ces migrants interprovinciaux, nous montrons que ceux et celles qui retournent dans les provinces atlantiques se retrouvent de façon disproportionnée dans les industries traditionnelles de la région: la pêche et les industries qui s' y rattachent. La migration interprovinciale est un phénomène complexe et, bien que le recensement soit une source précieuse de données sur les migrants, sa compréhension requiert des types de données qui échappent au recensement; d'autres sources, qui ont prise sur des dimensions plus subjectives du phénomène migratoire, doivent être mises à profit. An analysis of 1981 Canadian Census data on recent migration (between 1976 and 1981) from Ontario to Atlantic Canada reveals some important socio-demographic and employment differences between broadly defined groups of ‘return’ and ‘non-return’ migrants. Application of the Marginal Work World Model (Clairmont and Wien, 1974) to the employment outcomes of recent interprovincial migrants clearly illustrates that returning migrants of both sexes are found in greater proportions in marginal, more traditional Atlantic Canada industries (such as fishing and the related fish products industry). While the Canadian Census is a particularly useful data source for constructing a statistical profile of the dominant characteristics of recent returning and non-returning migrants, it provides a limited picture of the complex phenomenon of internal migration. Hence, it     

An integrated axiomatic approach to the existence of ordinal and cardinal utility functions

Summary This paper presents a unified axiomatic treatment of the existence of ordinal and cardinal utility functions. The contribution of the paper is mainly pedagogical.     

Distribution of multivariate quadratic forms under certain covariance structures

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the covariance structure of all the observations in a multivariate factorial experiment under which certain multivariate quadratic forms are independent and distributed as a constant times a Wishart. It is also shown that exact multivariate test statistics can be formed for certain covariance structures of the observations when the assumption of equal covariance matrices for each normal population is relaxed. A characterization is given for the dependency structure between random vectors in which the sample mean and sample covariance matrix have certain properties.     

Portfolio analysis in practice

Much has been written about the theory of portfolio management and the consultant's approach to its use. This article describes a practical example of the implementation of the technique by a management without the assistance of external consultants. It shows how the technique was adapted and extended to meet the needs of the company. It further describes how the practical problems encountered during implementation led to the development of a system that provided strategically important data both for staff and operating management in a relatively digestible format.     

Growing Up a Little Faster: The Experience of Growing Up in a Single-Parent Household

On the basis of interviews with single parents, and with adolescent children living with single parents, a theory of the structure and functioning of single-parent households is proposed. The premise of this theory is that the two-parent household maintains a hierarchy—an echelon structure—that the one-parent household can forgo. The absence of hierarchy permits the single parent who works full time to share managerial responsibility for the household with the children. The consequences for the children may be a fostering of an early maturity.     

Sondages et savoir sociologiques

During the last decades, the survey method became of major importance to sociological research and gave rise to significant strides in social science, especially in fostering the working up of increasingly precise and sophisticated techniques of measurement. Nevertheless, one question, preliminary to any formal or quantitative analysis of a survey's outcomes, should be further examined: that of the very nature of what is actually gathered or investigated in sociological surveys. After sketching some of the main historical roots of the survey method, this paper addresses itself to this latter issue and discusses the meaning and limits of the sociological knowledge derived from scientific surveys.
Depuis quelques décennies, la méthode du sondage scientifique a pris une importance grandissante dans la recheiche sociologique; cette méthode a, en outre, permis d'importants progres des sciences sociales et nécessité l'élaboration d'instruments et de techniques de mesure de plus en plus raffinés. Après avoir rappelé les principales racines historiques de cette méthode d'investigation des phénomènes sociaux, cet article pose la question, préalable à toute formalisation et à toute analyse des résultats, de la nature même des objets susceptibles d'être appréhendés par une telle méthode. II cherche ainsi à déterminer la valeur et les limites du savoir sociologique généréà I'aide des sondages scientifiques.     

A commonsense approach to portfolio planning

For the diversified firm, business portfolio planning offers a way of determining its individual businesses' roles and developing a synergistic corporate strategy. In practice, however, the common tools of portfolio planning—the growth/share and market attractiveness/business position matrices—present problems in that often neither of the matrices is precisely suitable for a given individual business. This article makes use of modifications of the growth/share and market attractiveness/business position matrices in order to make them more operational. The authors believe that a step-by-step ‘shirt-sleeve’ approach to portfolio planning can make this type of analysis accessible and invaluable to a small diversified firm, as well as providing insights to larger corporations with formal planning departments.     

Occupational Prestige in Canada*

L'article fournit les premiers résultats d'une tentative faite pour répéter au Canada une étude américaine sur le prestige professionnel. On y discute d'abord de la méthodologie utilisée et des moyens disponibles pour la poursuite d'enquêtes sociales au Canada. On y présente ensuite les valeurs attributes, quant au prestige ciiacun à 204 emplois dans l'ensemble de l'echantillon eanadien et, séparément, les résultats à partir des interviews obtenues en anglais et en français. On obtient un coefficient de corrélation très élevé entre les résuitats de cette recherche et, d'une part, l'étude récente faite aux U.S.A., puis, d'autre part, des recherches antérieures au pays. Les Canadiens attribuent un prestige plus élevé que les Américains à la plupart des emplois. Les évaluations des francophones diffèrent quelque peu cependant, ceci étant sans doute dú en partie à la traduction des vocables professionnels. Les fiancophones contribuent moins que les anglophones, par ailleurs, aux évaluations extrêmes. Les données recueillies permettent de se demander si le recensement canadien fait une classification des emplois qui soit adéquate pour être utilisée comme indice de statut socio-économique. II appert qu'une classification des occupations qui proviendrait de recherches sociologiques serait plus adequate dans ce but.     

Resisting Designations: An Extension of Attribution Theory into a Negotiated Context*

While attribution theory has generated a great deal of interesting research, it tends to be overly deterministic, failing to recognize the social context in which attributions occur. In response to this an attempt is made to place attribution theory in an interactionist framework, with particular emphasis on the conditions under which a target andlor others interested in the target's situation may resist undesired attributions.     

Swimming with sharks: Occupational mandate and the film composer in Hollywood

The role of the Hollywood film and television composervis-a-vis the client-employer illustrates some classic occupational conflicts. The composer-artist works for a businessman, who generally has no knowledge of composing. The role of each party needs to be defined and negotiated before a composition is written. The task itself, the composition, also has to be negotiated subject to many contingencies. This paper examines these points and ends with a discussion of occupational mandate. An earlier version of this paper was delivered at a conference on Social Theory and The Arts, Fredonia, New York, 1975. Some of the materials appear in “Dilemmas in Commercial Work: Hollywood Film Composers and Their Clients,” Urban Life 5 (April), 1976.