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91.
Urban Ecosystems - The urban landscape constitutes a key aspect of human - nature interactions, as more than 60% of the world’s population resides in cities and their suburbs. This study... 相似文献
92.
Rachel Shenhav‐Goldberg Robert Brym Talia Lenton‐Brym 《Revue canadienne de sociologie》2019,56(3):421-438
The theory of family welfare effort is a leading macro‐sociological explanation of variation in human fertility. It holds that states which provide universally available, inexpensive, high‐quality day care, generous parental leave, and flexible work schedules lower the opportunity cost of motherhood. They thus enable women, especially those in lower socioeconomic strata, to have the number of babies they want. A considerable body of research supports this theory. However, it is based almost exclusively on analyses of Western European and North American countries. This paper examines the Israeli case because Israel's total fertility rate is anomalously high given its family welfare effort. Based on a review of the relevant literature and a reanalysis of data from various published sources, it explains the country's unusually high total fertility rate as the product of (1) religious and nationalistic sentiment that is heightened by the Jewish population's perception of a demographic threat in the form of a burgeoning Palestinian population and (2) the state's resulting support for pro‐natal policies, including the world's most extensive in vitro fertilization (IVF) system. The paper also suggests that Israel's IVF policy may not be in harmony with the interests of many women insofar as even women with an extremely low likelihood of becoming pregnant are encouraged to undergo the often lengthy, emotionally and physically painful, and risky process of IVF. 相似文献
93.
Robert Werth 《Sociology Compass》2019,13(2)
In recent decades, risk prediction has proliferated in the penal realm. Risk instruments currently guide an array of correctional decisions—such as participation in diversion programs, the provision of correctional services, and probation and parole supervision levels—and are being increasingly utilized or considered in pretrial detention and criminal sentencing. This article reviews empirical and theoretical accounts of the proliferation and effects of risk in the penal realm and also reflects on ongoing debates about the promises and perils of risk. Risk techniques have impacted the practices, discourses, and logics of punishment. Yet they have not triggered the abandonment of rehabilitative approaches (or retributive ones), nor have they replaced human judgment with a rationalized utopia or iron cage. This article also offers several interventions that complicate and further our understandings of risk. First, it highlights the complex entanglements between, on the one hand, actuarial and algorithmic risk instruments and, on the other, subjective, moral, and affective methods of evaluation. Second, it calls for increased attention to the performative effects of risk technologies: to the ways in which assessments not only report on but also create and alter the social world. The article concludes by reflecting on emerging topics and directions for future research. 相似文献
94.
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96.
Using confidential microdata from the US Census Bureau, we investigate the performance of Asian-owned businesses. Using regression
estimates and a special non-linear decomposition technique, we explore the role that class resources, such as financial capital
and human capital, play in contributing to the relative success of Asian businesses. We find that Asian-owned businesses are
more successful than white-owned businesses for two main reasons—Asian owners have high levels of human capital and their
businesses have substantial start-up capital. Using detailed information on both the owner and the firm, we estimate the explanatory
power of several additional factors.
相似文献
Robert W. Fairlie (Corresponding author)Email: |
97.
Robert D. Crutchfield Martie L. Skinner Kevin P. Haggerty Anne McGlynn Richard F. Catalano 《Race and social problems》2009,1(4):218-230
Criminologists have long reported the existence of racial disparity in the criminal justice system, but the important question
is why. While some argue that observed differences are a consequence of more criminal behavior among minorities, the weight
of the evidence indicates that this is but a partial explanation. In this paper, we study data from a sample of juveniles
to examine how racial differences in early police contact, and important social environments—family, school, and neighborhoods—affect
later contact and arrests, controlling for self-reported delinquency. We find that early (in middle school) contact with police
is an important predictor of later (high school) arrests. Also we found that, in addition to being male and living in a low-income
family, children who have parents who have a history of arrest, who have experienced school disciplinary actions, who have
delinquent peers, and who are in networks with deviant adults are more likely to have problems with law enforcement. These
factors help to explain racial differences in police contacts and arrests. 相似文献
98.
Family involvement in corporate governance through ownership, management, and board membership presents a unique dilemma for understanding the strategic impetus and costs of entrenchment decisions. The presence of shared family ties and the family-centered goals of firm principals call to question the applicability of extant agency arguments regarding the nature and antecedents of managerial entrenchment. Exploring this, we develop and test a model of family firm-specific determinants (i.e., family ownership and family's involvement in management and governance) of entrenchment in publicly traded firms by drawing upon principal-principal agency theory. Findings of the empirical analysis of family owned S&P 500 firms suggest family firms are motivated to entrench managers when doing so supports the pursuit of family-centric goals. However, the extent to which entrenchment supports such goals varies at different levels of family ownership. 相似文献
99.
Elizabeth Ackert Robert Ressler Robert Crosnoe 《Journal of marriage and the family》2018,80(5):1210-1224
Integrating family and child data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort with contextual data from the census, this study examined associations among maternal employment, aspects of communities related to child‐care supply and demand, and the early care and education arrangements of 4 year olds in Mexican‐origin, Black, and White families. Children with employed mothers were more likely to be in informal care arrangements than in early childhood education, regardless of racial/ethnic background. For children in Mexican‐origin families, selection into informal care over early childhood education was more likely in zip codes with greater demand for care as measured by higher female employment. Utilization of parent care versus early childhood education was also more likely for children in Mexican‐origin and Black families in zip codes with higher female employment. Constraints associated with maternal employment thus hindered children from enrolling in early childhood education, and community contexts posed challenges for some groups. 相似文献
100.
Ann Doyle Fath Nettie Lagace Robert K. Reeves Michael A. Kardos Karen Nadeski Kurt Blythe 《Serials Review》2009,35(1):49-50
This installment of "Serials Spoken Here" covers events that transpired between late September and late October 2008. Reported herein are two Webinars, one on ONIX for Serials, the other on SUSHI, and two conferences: the eighty-fourth annual Meeting of the Potomac Technical Processing Librarians and the New England Library Association's Annual Conference. 相似文献