全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16310篇 |
免费 | 264篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 2117篇 |
民族学 | 78篇 |
人才学 | 4篇 |
人口学 | 1528篇 |
丛书文集 | 95篇 |
教育普及 | 1篇 |
理论方法论 | 1542篇 |
综合类 | 154篇 |
社会学 | 7792篇 |
统计学 | 3264篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 76篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 232篇 |
2019年 | 292篇 |
2018年 | 403篇 |
2017年 | 554篇 |
2016年 | 372篇 |
2015年 | 303篇 |
2014年 | 363篇 |
2013年 | 2937篇 |
2012年 | 548篇 |
2011年 | 472篇 |
2010年 | 393篇 |
2009年 | 336篇 |
2008年 | 393篇 |
2007年 | 391篇 |
2006年 | 411篇 |
2005年 | 380篇 |
2004年 | 322篇 |
2003年 | 322篇 |
2002年 | 340篇 |
2001年 | 403篇 |
2000年 | 381篇 |
1999年 | 345篇 |
1998年 | 269篇 |
1997年 | 238篇 |
1996年 | 303篇 |
1995年 | 253篇 |
1994年 | 259篇 |
1993年 | 224篇 |
1992年 | 259篇 |
1991年 | 269篇 |
1990年 | 246篇 |
1989年 | 231篇 |
1988年 | 230篇 |
1987年 | 219篇 |
1986年 | 197篇 |
1985年 | 231篇 |
1984年 | 230篇 |
1983年 | 198篇 |
1982年 | 157篇 |
1981年 | 139篇 |
1980年 | 131篇 |
1979年 | 167篇 |
1978年 | 131篇 |
1977年 | 113篇 |
1976年 | 97篇 |
1975年 | 101篇 |
1974年 | 95篇 |
1973年 | 77篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
71.
Lisa R. Larson M.S.W. 《Clinical Social Work Journal》1993,21(2):137-150
Betrayal by a significant object is seen as primary in causing behavioral and emotional disturbances in incest victims, leading to a pervasive identification with the aggressor and disturbances in object relations development. Identification with the aggressor is understood not as a uniform defense mobilized against a specific affect but as a complex compromise formation which defends against anxiety, while also providing libidinal, aggressive and superego gratifications. Far from simply attempting to overcome the past, identifications thus preserve affects that have become pleasurable and self-defining. Two case studies of adolescent girls illustrate how treatment can help victims recognize and begin to forego the sadomasochistic pleasure derived from these identifications, a relinquishment necessary for true mastery. 相似文献
72.
William S. Pease 《Risk analysis》1992,12(2):253-265
The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions. 相似文献
73.
74.
New Voices in Iceland. Parents and Adult Children: juggling supports and choices in time and space 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
D. S. Bjarnason 《Disability & Society》2002,17(3):307-326
This paper deals with parents' perspectives and experiences of bringing up children with a variety of impairments in Iceland, and how they impact the young disabled adults' approach to the status of adulthood. The paper is based on a qualitative study that explored perspectives and experiences of 36 young disabled adults (16-24 years old), their parents, friends and teachers. The purpose of this paper is to share themes related to patterns of parents' reactions and choices when coming to terms with parenting a disabled child, the support they found from their social network and professionals, and their sons or daughters' subsequent views of themselves and their prospects as young adults. The paper includes different perspectives on adulthood and the extent to which the young disabled people expect to reach that status or remain as 'eternal youth' enmeshed in segregated services. Findings show that the type and nature of early support for parents of disabled children is critical for the young adults' approaching adulthood in regular society or expecting to remain in the limbo of 'eternal youth' within segregated settings. Early 'betrayals' may, however, be revisited at each subsequent transition point. Furthermore, parents and their disabled children who struggled for social inclusion could obtain full active membership in society, even against social and physical barriers, and medically defined disability labels. 相似文献
75.
76.
Proponents of hazardous and nuclear waste depositories label opponents to local siting of such facilities “NIMBYs” (Not In My Backyard). This study assesses the extent to which the NIMBY label and the strategies of industry proponents to reduce opposition function on a reasonable set of assumptions. Using survey data and multiple regression techniques, the levels of concern of residents living in the county selected as the site of a low level radioactive waste disposal facility (imminent threat condition) are compared with a statewide sample (hypothetical threat condition). Consistent with proponents' theoretical assumptions, the levels of concern are greater for respondents under conditions of imminent threat than of hypothetical threat. However, within the host county, levels of concern are lowest, albeit most polarized, in the community closest to the proposed site. A conflict theory approach enhances an understanding of these findings by suggesting that within the most proximate community levels of concern are lowest for citizens who stand to gain the most economic benefits from the facility but highest for those citizens who are least likely to derive tangible gains. 相似文献
77.
B.S. Chimni 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2002,40(5):75-94
A fundamental problem that confronts the European Union today is how it can maintain its commitment to the institution of asylum while checking irregular migration and the abuse of its asylum system. In order to explore a response to this dilemma the paper addresses the following questions: what role can relief and aid policies play in influencing migration patterns? What should be the appropriate approach to the granting of relief and aid to developing countries of first asylum? Should it be viewed as a part of the larger problem of development or be treated as a distinct issue? What kind of a relief/aid model will help refugees return to post–conflict societies and stop the conflict from reproducing itself? The paper examines two different approaches to address these questions: the alliance–containment approach and the distributive–developmental approach. It also looks at some empirical evidence, which reveals that at present it is a conservative alliance–containment approach that informs EU relief and aid practices. This approach, however, does not help achieve the stated objective of checking abuse of asylum and migration procedures while sustaining a commitment to a liberal asylum regime. The paper goes on to identify the gaps in EU policy and the lessons that can be drawn. It concludes by looking at different policy alternatives and suggesting the adoption of a reformist distributive–developmental model. The implementation of this model holds out the hope of reverting to a more liberal asylum regime while controlling irregular migration and “bogus” asylum seekers, for the reformist distributive developmental model takes a more long–term view of migration trends and also seeks to address the growing North–South divide. 相似文献
78.
Robert C. Weigl 《International Journal of Group Tensions》2002,31(3):223-246
There is a gulf between the analytic and experiential aspects of cross-culturalists' functioning that is reflected in the split between explicit scientific rules for studying the culture of others, while following an informal oral tradition for considering our own cultural makeup. This article discusses both a possible strategy for correcting this situation and the barriers that are likely to prevent such a correction. Structured cultural self-study procedures are presented as a possible resource in the continuing development of graduate students and professionals, and these have already proven highly effective in teaching cross-cultural psychology to undergraduates. Fostering commitments to standardized self-study and to applications of experiential learning is currently not likely to flourish due to complex academic and epistemic traditions, discussed as six cultural self-masking factors. A specific self-study protocol is offered to provide a beginning point for generating improved reflexive methods and for individual trial use. Through disciplined reflexivity, benefits might emerge in the form of better bias control in research, enhanced external validity, and a new theory about the interplay of investigators' self-knowledge and the conduct of cross-cultural research. 相似文献
79.
B. S. Everitt 《Journal of applied statistics》1994,21(3):63-94
Many methods for obtaining graphical representations of multivariate data have been suggested over the last decade, but it is only relatively recently that software has become available which makes use of these procedures routine. In this paper, a number of examples are used to illustrate the application of graphical methods for the exploration of multivariate data. The diagrams produced may prove useful in consultations with clients and in examining the results from more formal methods. 相似文献
80.
This article compares in regression models the effects of occupational status of both fathers and mothers simultaneously upon the attainment of men and women in the Irish Republic. The sample matches male respondents from the 1973/1974 Irish Mobility Study with the labour active female sibling next closest in age. Since the analysis compares working siblings and each 'matched pair' shares the same family origin characteristics, the problems attendant upon using a sample originally of men only are partially avoided. The results advance beyond previous research since, rather than separate models by gender, models include parents and children of both genders, allowing direct rather than indirect evaluation of gender-based determinants of occupational attainment. Both fathers and mothers significantly affect children's attainment, in ways that vary by the child's gender. The results highlight the salience of mothers' attainment for their children and question the 'mainstream' model of equivalent mechanisms of occupational attainment for both genders. Models of social mobility that consider men and women as special instances of a general perspective provide the most fruitful approach for further development. 相似文献