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231.
Irene Lapuerta Pau Baizán María José González 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(2):185-210
This paper analyzes the extent to which individual characteristics, the workplace situation, and regional policies influence
the use and duration of parental leave in Spain. The research is based on a sample of 125,165 individuals, and 6,959 parental
leaves covered in the “Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales” (MCVL-2006). The MCVL consists of administrative register data,
which include information from three different sources: The social security system, municipal and income tax Registers. We
adopt a simultaneous equations approach to analyze the determinants of the use (logistic regression) and duration (event history
analysis) of parental leave, which allows us to control for endogeneity and censored observations. Our results suggest that
the Spanish parental leave scheme increases gender and social inequalities, insofar as it reinforces gender role specialization,
and only encourages the reconciliation of work and family life among workers with a good position in the labor market (educated
employees with a high and stable work status). 相似文献
232.
People's childbearing intentions change over the course of their reproductive lives. These changes have been conceptualized as occurring in response to the realization that an individual is unlikely to achieve his or her intended fertility, because of constraints such as the "biological clock" or lack of a partner. In this article, we find that changes to child-bearing plans are influenced by a much wider range of factors than this. People change their plans in response to the wishes of their partners, in response to social norms, as the result of repartnering, and as the result of learning about the costs and benefits of parenthood; there are also differences between the factors that influence men's and women's decision-making. In a departure from existing studies in this area, we use a flexible analytical framework that enables us to analyze increases in planned fertility separately from decreases. This allows us to uncover several complexities of the decision-making process that would otherwise be hidden, and leads us to conclude that the determinants of increases in planned fertility are not simply equal and opposite to the determinants of decreases. 相似文献
233.
K. Fernández-Aguirre M. I. Landaluce-Calvo A. Martín-Arroyuelos J. I. Modroño-Herrán 《Journal of applied statistics》2011,38(11):2661-2679
For a higher education public institution, young in relative terms, featuring local competition with another private and both long-established and reputed one, it is of great importance to become a reference university institution to be better known and felt with identification in the society it belongs to and ultimately to reach a good position within the European Higher Education Area. These considerations have made the university governors setting up the objective of achieving an adequate management of the university institutional brand focused on its logo and on image promotion, leading to the establishment of a university shop as it is considered a highly adequate instrument for such promotion. In this context, an on-line survey is launched on three different kinds of members of the institution, resulting in a large data sample. Different kinds of variables are analysed through appropriate exploratory multivariate techniques (symmetrical methods) and regression-related techniques (non-symmetrical methods). An advocacy for such combination is given as a conclusion. The application of statistical techniques of data and text mining provides us with empirical insights about the institution members’ perceptions and helps us to extract some facts valuable to establish policies that would improve the corporate identity and the success of the corporate shop. 相似文献
234.
Cecilia Castaño Juan Martín Susana Vázquez José Luís Martínez 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2010,149(3):343-360
This paper examines the findings of a survey of the personal, educational and professional profiles of a sample of male and female senior executives of companies operating in Spain. The women were found to be younger; they had fewer children, resorted to more domestic help, and earned less than the men, although they often had higher qualifications. Yet cultural patterns and institutional barriers still prevent them from making full use of their capabilities. In spite of recent legislative efforts to promote gender equity at work, more than nine out of ten senior executives are still men. 相似文献
235.
Susana Jiménez-Murcia Eva M. Álvarez-Moya Randy Stinchfield Fernando Fernández-Aranda Roser Granero Neus Aymamí Mónica Gómez-Peña Nuria Jaurrieta Francesca Bove José M. Menchón 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(2):235-248
We aimed to explore the association between age of onset of gambling problems and current psychopathological and clinical
status, personality profile and therapeutic outcome in a sample of pathological gamblers. A total of 904 consecutive pathological
gambling patients were administered several instruments about gambling behavior, psychopathology and personality. They received
a 4-month cognitive-behavioral group treatment. Information of dropouts and relapses during treatment was registered. Older
age of onset of gambling problems was associated with higher general psychopathology (SCL-90-R Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism,
Depression; P < 0.015). Younger age of onset was related to greater severity of pathological gambling (P < 0.015), higher novelty seeking, and lower self-directedness (P < 0.015). No statistically significant association was found between age of onset and relapse and dropouts during treatment.
Age of onset of gambling problems seems to influence the clinical presentation of pathological gambling but not treatment
outcome. 相似文献
236.
To assess the employment effects of labor costs, it is crucial to have reliable estimates of the labor cost elasticity of labor demand. Using a matched firm‐worker data set, we estimate a long‐run unconditional labor demand function, exploiting information on workers to correct for endogeneity in the determination of wages. We evaluate the employment and deadweight loss effects of observed employers' contributions imposed by labor laws (health insurance, training, and taxes) as well as of observed workers' deductions (social security and income tax). We find that nonwage labor costs reduce employment by 17% for white collars and by 53% for blue collars, with associated deadweight losses of 10% and 35% of total contributions, respectively. Since most firms undercomply with mandated employers' and workers' contributions, we find that full compliance would imply employment losses of 4% for white collars and 12% for blue collars, with respective associated deadweight losses of 2% and 6%. (JEL J23, J32) 相似文献
237.
García-Rodríguez O Suárez-Vázquez R Secades-Villa R Fernández-Hermida JR 《Journal of drug education》2010,40(2):143-156
The objectives of the present study were to analyze the pattern of tobacco use among Spanish adolescents, as well as to determine gender differences in specific risk factors of cigarette use. The study sample was made up of 1,483 boys and 1,358 girls, aged 12-16 (M = 14). Participants were asked to answer an ad-hoc instrument to evaluate the pattern of use, perceived availability, risk of harm, family- and peer-use, engagement in leisure activities, drive for thinness, and self-esteem. Results showed no gender differences in the pattern of use. With regard to risk and protector factors, a predictive analysis showed that peer-related variables were the most determinant for tobacco use both for boys and girls. Some gender differences were also detected: Playing sports was protective for boys only, and listening to music for girls only. Drive for thinness and self-esteem were not related to tobacco use for either boys or girls. These findings help increase our understanding of smoking risk factors in adolescence and to pay special attention to the group of friends when planning prevention programs to reduce risk factors. 相似文献
238.
José Luis García-Lapresta A. A. J. Marley Miguel Martínez-Panero 《Social Choice and Welfare》2010,34(3):487-496
An increasing body of theoretical and empirical work on discrete choice considers a choice design in which a person is asked
to select both the best and the worst alternative in an available set of alternatives, in contrast to more traditional tasks,
such as where the person is asked to: select the best alternative; select the worst alternative; rank the alternatives. Here
we consider voting systems motivated by such “best–worst” choice; characterize a class of “best–worst” voting systems in terms
of a set of axioms in the context of scoring rules; and discuss briefly possible extensions to approval–disapproval systems. 相似文献
239.
This paper explores the role of inequity aversion as an explanation for observed behavior in experimental Cournot oligopolies. We show that inequity aversion can change the nature of the strategic interaction: quantities are strategic substitutes for sufficiently asymmetric output levels but strategic complements otherwise. We find that inequity aversion can explain why: (i) some experiments result in higher than Cournot–Nash production levels while others result in lower, (ii) collusion often occurs with only two players whereas with three or more players market outcomes are very close to Cournot–Nash, and (iii) players often achieve equal profits in asymmetric Cournot oligopoly. 相似文献
240.
Two-tailed asymptotic inferences for a proportion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper evaluates 29 methods for obtaining a two-sided confidence interval for a binomial proportion (16 of which are new proposals) and comes to the conclusion that: Wilson's classic method is only optimal for a confidence of 99%, although generally it can be applied when n≥50; for a confidence of 95% or 90%, the optimal method is the one based on the arcsine transformation (when this is applied to the data incremented by 0.5), which behaves in a very similar manner to Jeffreys’ Bayesian method. A simpler option, though not so good as those just mentioned, is the classic-adjusted Wald method of Agresti and Coull. 相似文献