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381.
We introduce a new centrist or intermediate inequality concept, between the usual relative and absolute notions, which is
shown to be a variant of the α-ray invariant inequality measures in Pfingsten and Seidl (1997). We say that distributions
x and y have the same (x, π)-inequality if the total income difference between them is allocated among the individuals as follows: 100π% preserving
income shares in x, and 100(1−π)% in equal absolute amounts. This notion can be made as operational as current standard methods in Shorrocks
(1983).
Received: 13 May 1998/Accepted: 25 January 1999 相似文献
382.
J. C. R. Alcantud G. Bosi M. J. Campión J. C. Candeal E. Induráin C. Rodríguez-Palmero 《Theory and Decision》2008,64(4):479-494
We present here a direct elementary construction of continuous utility functions on perfectly separable totally preordered
sets that does not make use of the well-known Debreu’s open gap lemma. This new construction leans on the concept of a separating
countable decreasing scale. Starting from a perfectly separable totally ordered structure, we give an explicit construction
of a separating countable decreasing scale, from which we show how to get a continuous utility map.
相似文献
383.
Cañibano Leandro García-Ayuso Manuel Sánchez M. Paloma 《Journal of Management and Governance》2000,4(4):319-342
Innovation is nowadays a fundamental determinant of value creation in business companies and economic growth. Therefore, the measurement of innovation has become a significant concern both for business companies and governments. Traditionally, attempts to measure innovation have adopted a macroeconomic approach, as they have been largely based on broad surveys. However, no attempt has been made to date in order to complement the information provided by such surveys with aggregated data obtained from the financial reports of individual companies. This paper analyses the conceptual and methodological problems underlying the measurement of business innovation by means of surveys and discusses the lack of ability of accounting standards to accurately reflect innovative activities in the financial statements of business firms.In the light of the evidence provided by the empirical studies published to date, we analyse the Spanish situation by reviewing innovation studies conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), and assessing the relationship between the value relevance of accounting information and the firm's technological level. Our results suggest that both, micro- and macroeconomic approaches towards the measurement of innovation have significant shortcomings. Thus, a joint effort seems to be needed in order to overcome the methodological limitations affecting innovation studies based on surveys and those relying on financial accounting information. Despite their limitations, surveys provide a sound basis for the identification of trends, key factors and explanatory variables. On the other hand, financial statements could provide a sound basis for the measurement of innovation if they included more relevant information on the intangible determinants of the value of companies. This has obvious implications for the standard setting process. 相似文献
384.
Sukru Anıl Toygar Derya Kara Mehmet Kırlıoğlu 《Journal of social service research》2020,46(2):264-272
AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the health care employees’ attitudes toward women in health care organizations in Turkey. It was measured using a 25-item scale by Spence, Helmreich, and Stapp (1973). The study was conducted on 541 employees: 279 males and 262 females. Structural equation model (SEM) was applied to analyze the relationship between gender, marital status, and income and attitudes toward woman. The result of this analysis showed that the relations between gender, marital status, and income and attitudes toward woman were statistically significant. All three hypotheses were statistically supported. This result indicated that employees’ marital status and (monthly) income significantly predicted their scores of attitudes toward woman in a positive direction. Besides, employees’ gender significantly predicted their scores of attitudes toward woman in an inverse direction. Future research can focus on investigating the effects of the attitudes toward women on other elements (e.g., performance, motivation, job satisfaction) or a wider sample to reach more generalized results. 相似文献
385.
This article follows on from our previous one about the armed conflict in Colombia and its relationship with disability. We seek here to explore the ways in which people with disabilities are starting to be involved in the peace process with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (FARC-EP), and the avenues there are for representative organizations of disabled people to have a louder voice in Colombia. Currently, while legal and human rights approaches are important, people with disabilities in Colombia do not generally have the resources to fight for their own rights. However, there could be opportunities in the negotiations currently with the National Liberation Army (ELN) to include a specific focus on the rights of people with disabilities. 相似文献
386.
Population and Environment - Puerto Rican children comprise a historically vulnerable group that has garnered little attention from academics and policy makers. Then, Hurricanes Irma and Maria... 相似文献
387.
After smoking, exposure to radon and its progeny is the second leading cause of lung cancer. The probability of inducing lung carcinomas by inhaled radon progeny depends on the deposited radiation dose, and is significantly affected by physiological and morphometric changes induced by smoking. Due to irritation of the airways, the inhalation of cigarette smoke leads to the hyperproduction of mucus. Two concurrent processes occur: on one hand, increased production of mucus protects the target cells against radiation damage; on the other hand, in the case of long-term smokers, a chronic lung obstruction develops, causing an increase in the radiation dose to the lungs. Depending on the duration and intensity of smoking, these processes contribute to the final radiation dose with different weights. The primary objective of this study was to investigate to what extent these smoke-induced changes can modify the resulting absorbed dose of inhaled radon progeny relative to healthy nonsmokers. Since the bronchial dose depends on the degree of lung tissue damage, we have used this dose as a tool for detecting the effects of smoking on the lung epithelium. In other words, the biological effect of radon served as a tracer of changes induced by smoking. 相似文献
388.
Francisco Javier García-Castilla Ángel De-Juanas Oliva Eloy Vírseda-Sanz Javier Páez Gallego 《European Journal of Social Work》2019,22(6):897-907
ABSTRACTInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) have enhanced peer communication and contributed to social change and, as such, have become an essential tool in the initial training and professional development of future social work practitioners. In the new millennium, it is particularly important to provide the foundations for delivering appropriate interventions in the fields of social education, social services, healthcare and development cooperation. To face these new challenges, training programmes in the framework of the European Higher Education Area should facilitate the acquisition of skills and competencies through curricula based on ongoing assessment which promote creativity and educational innovation. Through a systematic and comprehensive review of the scientific literature, this article examines the educational potential of e-social work in Spain and the training needs of social workers from an interdisciplinary approach. A critical debate is presented throughout the paper to encourage reflection among professionals. The study highlights the importance of the acquisition of digital skills through the development of educational intervention programmes using the latest technological media and resources with a view to serving citizens in these new spaces of interaction. 相似文献
389.
Ignacio Ortuño-Ortín 《Social Choice and Welfare》1997,14(3):427-438
A spatial model of party competition is studied in which: (i) Parties are supposed to have ideology. By this we mean that
their goal is to maximize the welfare of their constituencies. (ii) The policy implemented after the election does not need
to coincide with the one proposed by the winner. The policy implemented should be a compromise that considers the proposals
made by the different parties. In the case of proportional representation this compromise is modeled as a convex combination
of the proposed policies with weights proportional to the number of votes obtained by each party. We provide some existence
theorems and compare the equilibrium in our model with the equilibrium that exists under some probabilistic models. It is
also shown that proportional representation will create incentives for the parties to announce radical platforms.
Received: 17 May 1994/Accepted: 5 March 1996 相似文献
390.