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441.
Milan Nikoli? Mirko Savi? Dragan ?o?kalo Vesna Spasojevi? Brki? Dragica Ivin 《Public Relations Review》2011,37(3):332-335
This study presents the research results whose aim was to examine and define dependences and the impact of public relations on business effects (economic indices are taken as representatives of business effects). Serbian companies were the object of this research. The data were collected by polling 100 managers from 100 companies. Multivariate regression and correlation were applied in order to determine the observed dependences. The research results confirm the existence of a significant direct relation between public relations and economic indices. 相似文献
442.
Despite hazard and reversed hazard rates sharing a number of similar aspects, reversed hazard functions are far less frequently used. Understanding their meaning is not a simple task. The aim of this paper is to expand the usefulness of the reversed hazard function by relating it to other well-known concepts broadly used in economics: (linear or cumulative) rates of increase and elasticity. This will make it possible (i) to improve our understanding of the consequences of using a particular distribution and, in certain cases, (ii) to introduce our hypotheses and knowledge about the random process in a more meaningful and intuitive way, thus providing a means to achieving distributions that would otherwise be hardly imaginable or justifiable. 相似文献
443.
Aurora García-Gallego Nikolaos Georgantzís Daniel Navarro-Martínez Gerardo Sabater-Grande 《Theory and Decision》2011,71(2):251-267
In this article, we illustrate experimentally an important consequence of the stochastic component in choice behaviour which
has not been acknowledged so far. Namely, its potential to produce ‘regression to the mean’ (RTM) effects. We employ a novel
approach to individual choice under risk, based on repeated multiple-lottery choices (i.e. choices among many lotteries),
to show how the high degree of stochastic variability present in individual decisions can distort crucially certain results
through RTM effects. We demonstrate the point in the context of a social comparison experiment. 相似文献
444.
The question of high welfare re-entry rates has attracted great attention from economists and policymakers. Using a very rich administrative data set for the minimum income program of the Madrid Government (over 50,000 spells), this paper aims to broach various questions arising from the issue of welfare re-entry. We try to identify what factors determine observed differences in the durations of the first off-welfare spell. We analyze the combined effects of the length and type of exit of the first spell, unemployment, and sociodemographic characteristics. The experience of the first spell and, to a lesser extent, employability can contribute toward lengthening the time spent outside the program. Our results also show that off-welfare spells of households leaving the program in periods of low economic growth will be longer than those that do so during economic expansions. With the exception of unemployment effects, our estimates yield very similar results to those obtained in the U.S. studies, suggesting that U.S. welfare policies and analyses are not entirely irrelevant for European discussions of welfare policies. 相似文献
445.
Emma García-Meca 《Review of Managerial Science》2016,10(3):553-576
In this paper we analyze the influence of corporate governance, specifically political connections and gender diversity, on board and managers’ remuneration in savings banks in Spain. We also analyze whether financial experience moderates the relation between political experience and board compensation. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of having politicians on remuneration levels of financial firm have not been studied. Connections are important in hiring decisions and in generating business so it is interesting to explore whether they are important when it comes to compensation policies. We use a panel data and financial and corporate governance information from 44 savings banks for the period 2004–2009. Our results show that the previous political activity of the chairperson positively influences board remuneration. Our study provides the first evidence for a link between political connection and compensation policy, showing that, in addition to the standard firm-level factors, political and financial experience are material determinants of economic significance in compensation policies. Specifically, we show that financial expertise may substitute for governance mechanisms that are lacking in firms with weak governance environments (e.g. saving banks with high politicization). 相似文献
446.
Ignacio Sacristán López de los Mozos Antonio Rodríguez Duarte Óscar Rodríguez Ruiz 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2016,27(6):2641-2665
This article explores how fundraising efficiency is affected by changes in diversification of revenues in non-profit organizations. It uses random effect regression and Arellano–Bond models to study this phenomenon in a sample of 10358 US non-profits during the 1997–2007 period. We find a negative impact on fundraising efficiency when NPOs alter their locus of dependence and change their pattern of diversification. This effect is impacted by organizational size and industry. Previous studies have suggested that income heterogeneity is associated with organizational stability and financial strength. Using a change (versus level) model of funding diversity, our work shows that increased diversification leads to a higher operational inefficiency that could be penalized by potential donors. 相似文献
447.
Laura Sierra García Emiliano Ruiz Barbadillo Manuel Orta Pérez 《Journal of Management and Governance》2012,16(2):305-331
Corporate scandals and failures such as Enron, WorldCom, etc. were highly catastrophic and had a terrible effect on stakeholders.
The pressure of globalisation and the intense competition have lead to organisations encouraging good corporate governance.
Organisations have to promote transparency and accountability of financial information. As Gramling et al. (J Account Lit
23:194–244, 2004) argued there are four important mechanisms of corporate governance include boards of directors, audit committees (among
others) and internal and external audit functions. However, this paper will focus on the relationship between two corporate
governance mechanisms (audit committee and internal audit function). Thus, our purpose is to analyse the relation between
characteristics of the audit committee and internal audit function and earnings management measured as abnormal accruals to
test the quality of financial statements. We hypothesise that the association between the effectiveness of the audit committee
and the presence of an internal audit function and its relationship with this committee would indicate less opportunity for
management to manipulate earnings. Using a sample of 108 non-financial Spanish companies that traded on the Madrid Stock Exchange
between 2003 and 2006 (432 observations), we have found that the size and number of meetings of the audit committee had a
significant negative association with earnings manipulations. Also, our results suggest that a negative relation between having
an internal audit function and earnings management. 相似文献
448.
In this paper the most general bivariate distributions with second kind beta conditionals is fully characterized. This family is closed under inversions and the conditional moments are shown to be rational functions of the conditioned variable. Two subfamilies of dependent distributions is shown to have second kind beta marginals too. Finally, as a particular case, the most general bivariate distribution with second kind Pareto conditionals is characterized. 相似文献
449.
The article considers the problem of choosing between two (possibly) nonlinear models that have been fitted to the same data using M-estimation methods. An asymptotically normally distributed test statistic that takes into account the fact that the models are fitted robustly is given. The new procedure is compared with other test statistics using a Monte Carlo study. We found that the presence of a competitive model either in the null or the alternative hipothesis affects the distributional properties of the tests, and that in the case that the data contains outlying observations the new procedure had a significantly higher power than the rest of the tests. 相似文献
450.