Long-Run Identification in a Fractionally Integrated System

We propose an extension of structural fractionally integrated vector autoregressive models that avoids certain undesirable effects on the impulse responses that occur if long-run identification restrictions are imposed. We derive the model’s Granger representation and investigate the effects of long-run restrictions. Simulations illustrate that enforcing integer integration orders can have severe consequences for impulse responses. In a system of U.S. real output and aggregate prices, the effects of structural shocks strongly depend on the specification of the integration orders. In the statistically preferred fractional model, shocks that are typically interpreted as demand disturbances have a very brief influence on GDP. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Free riders and the redistributive effects of international commodity agreements: The Case of Coffeee

Most studies on the redistributive effects of international commodity agreements neglect the existence of free riders. This article shows, however, that incentives for a free rider behavior may exist under various systems of commodity control. The International Coffee Agreement includes an export quota scheme that is faced with free riders on the import side. The factors that determine the impacts of such a scheme on prices, trade, earnings, and expenditures on the world market and on welfare of importing nonmember countries are elaborated theoretically. An econometric model of the world coffee market is then used to measure the effects of coffee export quotas on different variables of the world market. By use of estimated national import demand functions for coffee, the national welfare gains of importing nonmember countries due to the quota policy of the International Coffee Agreement are also computed.     

The importance of sector‐stereotypical images in relation to job pursuit intentions

This study broadens the concept of employer image and demonstrates the relevance of applicants’ sector image when looking for employment in either nonprofit or for‐profit organizations. We apply the Stereotype Content Model to conceptualize image through perceived competence and warmth and use multilevel analyses on data from final‐year Master’s students. Results show the importance of the sector‐stereotypical image and are partially in line with our hypotheses. Job pursuit intentions for specific organizations are predicted by both the organizations’ as well as the respective sectors’ perceived warmth and competence. Pursuit intentions for the for‐profit sector are predicted only by the image of that sector. However, the intention to pursue employment in the nonprofit sector is predicted by both its competence and warmth as well as by the perceived warmth of its organizations. These findings are discussed in view of a trickle‐down effect and compared to previous findings on sector image among consumers.     

Veränderung öffentlicher Beschäftigung im Prozess der Liberalisierung und Privatisierung

The paper summarises the empirical results of a study on the impact of liberalisation and privatisation of public services on employment, working conditions and labour relations and links these results to a broader sociological debate on the current restructuring of work and employment in the emergence of a market-oriented accumulation regime. The consequences of liberalisation and privatisation include a massive cut in public sector jobs, an extension of atypical forms of employment, a reduction in wage costs and a substantial deterioration of working conditions. Another result is the decentralisation and fragmentation of bargaining structures in public services. Privatisation and liberalisation, hence, do not only alter public ownership and governance structures of public sector firms, but also change the character and function of the public employment regime that played a decisive role in the post-war model of development. With privatisation and liberalisation the political character of employment standards in the public sector is increasingly questioned and subjected to supposedly non-political market mechanisms. The result is not only a marketisation of work and employment as indicated by the concept of the market-oriented accumulation regime, but also a far-reaching flexibilisation, precarisation and henceforth recommodification of labour.     

Egozentrierte Netzwerkerhebung mittels selbstadministrierter Computerinterviews

In this paper we will present the tradition of social network research under the special view of the practical and theoretical research aspects. With theoretical aspects we will emphasize on the specific network attempt of reducing the ?individualistic bias“ of traditional survey research. The practical aspects will be covered by the presentation of some results of network analytic research and proposals for methods of data collection within ego centered social network research.     

Modeling attendance at Spanish professional football league

Prediction of demand for professional sports is increasingly drawing the attention of economists. We apply linear mixed models for modeling attendance figures at Spanish professional football. We investigate economic variables, such as the price of the tickets or the size of the market, and sporting variables, such as the quality of a team or the level of competition within the league, as potential predictors of attendance. It turns out that a model with temporally correlated random team effects provides good forecasts of attendance at a time horizon of two seasons. Results from this model agree with economic theory.