Transition within transition: How young people learn to leave behind institutional care whilst their carers are stuck in neutral

This paper discusses findings from a qualitative longitudinal study which explored the process of leaving long-stay institutional state care in Romania during 2002-4, a period at the heart of accelerated EU-enforced childcare reform. 28 young people were interviewed before leaving care and 17 were tracked up to 8 months after discharge. 18 practitioners were also interviewed.The findings confirmed Pinkerton's (2006) emphasis on the impact of global and national factors on the individual experience of leaving care. This study took place in a country undergoing widespread change. The care leavers' irreversible transition took place within the simultaneous professional transition of their carers and that of the community with which they needed to integrate. This insight is widely relevant in the current context of public funding cuts and changes in welfare policy in many countries, including the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries.Bridges (2009) was used to understand the experiences of care leavers and their carers. Bridges stresses the role of the leader in creating protective conditions for traversing three unavoidable transition stages: 1. ending old identity/behaviour; 2. a neutral zone of deconstruction and transformation; and 3. a new beginning. Preparation for leaving care can be viewed as learning to end care, followed by the neutral zone which begins at discharge. When lacking family support, formal carers are the young people's main transition guides. However, their professional transition also needs management. Because of top-down, accelerated childcare reforms, the Romanian carers' transitions appeared stuck in the neutral zone, affecting preparation for leaving care. Yet, the availability of learning opportunities after discharge changed the nature of the neutral zone for most of the sample who did better than expected at follow-up. This, supported by Bridges' proposal that learning during transition influences future coping, offers a foundation for new theory.     

少数民族自治县经济发展差距分析

少数民族自治县经济发展落后于全国县域经济平均水平,同时内部各县域之间发展也不平衡,在产值、收入、经济结构等方面存在着差异和差距。本文在分析120个少数民族自治县经济发展差距的基础上,提出对策思考。     

鲁迅的"实骂"与"虚骂"

“骂人”(指文明、文化批评和社会批评或批判 )现象是“五四”时期及以后尖锐、激烈的政治斗争和思想斗争的产物。鲁迅在文坛的“善骂”是出了名的。他能以敏锐的目光 ,透过粒米见大千 ,透过现象抓本质 ,“骂”出了形而上的文化层面的意义来。     

Judged Terror Risk and Proximity to the World Trade Center

In November 2001, a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 973, ages 13–88), queried via WebTVs at home, judged the probability of five terror-related events (e.g., being injured in an attack) and three “routine” risks (e.g., being a victim of other violent crime), in the following 12 months. Judgments of terror risks, but not routine risks, were related to whether respondents were within 100 mi of the World Trade Center. This relationship was found only in the following demographic groups, and not their complements: men, adults, whites, and Republicans. These differential responses to risk have both theoretical and policy implications.     

Trade Unions,Wage Bargaining Coordination,and Foreign Direct Investment

Conventional wisdom is that a high trade union bargaining strength and a system of coordinated wage bargaining reduce the attractiveness of an economy as a location for foreign direct investment, although there is limited evidence for this. The paper takes panel data for 19 OECD economies to examine the relationship between trade union bargaining strength, bargaining coordi nation, and a range of incentives for inward foreign direct investment. It finds a strong negative effect of trade union density on inward foreign direct investment, which is dependent on the degree of wage bargaining coordination. A high degree of coordination weakens the deterrent effect of high union density, which is consistent with the notion that under certain circumstances a coordinated increase in wages can increase profits of the multinationals by hurting domestic firms.     

社会选择的基本问题与人际可比基数效用的悖论

社会选择的三个基本问题是：什么是决定社会选择所需的信息？如何取得所需的信息？社会福祉函数应该采取何种形式？著者认为社会福祉函数应该是人们的基数效用或福祉的无权总和。排除基数效用或偏好的强度是阿罗（Arrow）不可能定理成立的关键。人际可比的基数效用是社会选择所须要有的信息,但这信息很难获得,因而有“人际可比基数效用的悖论”。以人们的支付意愿来衡量偏好的强度,以无权总和来进行决策。在个别问题上,以效率挂帅,平等的目标由整体的平等政策来达致,可以在超过百分之九十的经济政策（甚至其他）领域解除这个悖论,并使社会决策简单和有效率。     

东北老工业基地产业集聚政策探析

东北老工业基地振兴过程中产业集聚政策所起的作用十分重要,必须给予高度重视。本文界定了产业集聚政策的含义,分析了它的主要特征,认为制定产业集聚政策是东北经济发展的客观要求,反映了东北经济发展的方向。同时还指明了政策制定过程中需要把握的几个原则：即树立正确的指导思想;从各地实际出发,采取灵活有效的方式;政策的制定既要有先进性又要有可行性。最后提出了制定适合东北振兴需要的产业集聚政策以推动东北经济发展的构想,也就是通过产业集聚政策的制定,促进东北地区体制和机制创新,协调区域经济发展,改善经济发展环境并规避风险,最终达到优化资源配置,提高经济效益,振兴东北老工业基地的目的。     

司马光的潜虚之学的价值

司马光的《潜虚》一书是基于心思的理论思维,不仅合象数结构、义理解释、时空图式为一体,又摄天道与人道,和合形上与形下,价值理想与意识形态;司马光分别构建了天道逻辑结构和人道逻辑结构,以天道明人道,又以人道证天道,以达到治性、修身、齐家、治国、平天下的目的;他以性情为其重要概念阐释心性情说;又将其性情、道情、中和、未发已发相对应,从而推出中和论,将中与和的价值、意义、作用、功能融合为一,达到致中和的境界。     

Multi-sample inference for simple-tree alternatives with ranked-set samples

This paper develops a non‐parametric multi‐sample inference for simple‐tree alternatives for ranked‐set samples. The multi‐sample inference provides simultaneous one‐sample sign confidence intervals for the population medians. The decision rule compares these intervals to achieve the desired type I error. For the specified upper bounds on the experiment‐wise error rates, corresponding individual confidence coefficients are presented. It is shown that the testing procedure is distribution‐free. To achieve the desired confidence coefficients for multi‐sample inference, a nonparametric confidence interval is constructed by interpolating the adjacent order statistics. Interpolation coefficients and coverage probabilities are provided, along with the nominal levels.     

由我国周边海域紧张局势引发的思考——其它海洋强国立法对我国的借鉴意义

近几年来,我国与周边国家围绕海洋权益的争夺日益激烈,突出表现在海域划界和岛屿归属问题上。在介绍国外海洋国家的海洋基本法以及相关配套法律制度的基础上,提出对我国的借鉴意义。我国应学习其它海洋强国的海洋管理经验,建立维护海洋权益、海上安全的安全体系,在研究国际海洋法和其它国家海洋基本法的前提下,结合本国海洋实际,尽快出台我国的海洋基本法,完善我国的海洋法律体系。