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121.
Theodora Koumoutsakis Ruth Breckinridge Church Martha W. Alibali Melissa Singer Saba Ayman-Nolley 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2016,40(4):301-315
Previous studies have shown that teachers’ gestures are beneficial for student learning. In this research, we investigate whether teachers’ gestures have comparable effects in face-to-face live instruction and video-based instruction. We provided sixty-three 7–10 year old students with instruction about mathematical equivalence problems (e.g., 3 + 4 + 5 = __ + 5). Students were assigned to one of four experimental conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design that varied (1) instruction medium (video vs. live), and (2) instruction modality (speech vs. speech + gesture). There was no main effect of medium: The same amount of learning occurred whether instruction was done live or on video. There was a main effect of modality: Speech instruction accompanied by gesture resulted in significantly more learning and transfer than instruction conveyed through speech only. Gesture’s effect on instruction was stronger for video instruction than live instruction. These findings suggest that there may be a limit to gesture’s role in communication that results in student learning. 相似文献
122.
A list of consequential developments in the field of statistics for the past quarter-century must include the creation and implementation of the Advanced Placement (AP) program in Statistics. This program has introduced millions of high school students to our discipline over the past 18 years, contributing to the large increase in the number of undergraduate students pursuing statistics as their major in college. ASA members and leaders have played a substantial role in shaping this program and furthering its success. 相似文献
123.
Consequences of Eye Color,Positioning, and Head Movement for Eye‐Tracking Data Quality in Infant Research
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Roy S. Hessels Richard Andersson Ignace T. C. Hooge Marcus Nyström Chantal Kemner 《Infancy》2015,20(6):601-633
Eye tracking has become a valuable tool for investigating infant looking behavior over the last decades. However, where eye‐tracking methodology and achieving high data quality have received a much attention for adult participants, it is unclear how these results generalize to infant research. This is particularly important as infants behave different from adults in front of the eye tracker. In this study, we investigated whether eye physiology, positioning, and infant behavior affect measures of eye‐tracking data quality: accuracy, precision, and data loss. We report that accuracy and precision are lower, and more data loss occurs for infants with bluish eye color compared to infants with brownish eye color. Moreover, accuracy was lower for infants positioned in a high chair or in the parents' lap compared to infants positioned in a baby seat. Finally, precision decreased and data loss increased as a function of time. We highlight the importance of data quality when comparing multiple groups, as differences in data quality can affect eye‐tracking measures. In addition, we investigate how two different measures to quantify infant movement influence eye‐tracker data quality. These findings might help researchers with data collection and help manufacturers develop better eye‐tracking systems for infants. 相似文献
124.
Migrants are sometimes regarded as marginal workers in metropolitan labour markets. London has long been a major destination
for migrants from elsewhere in Britain and abroad. In this paper we examine the earnings and unemployment experience in 1929–1931
of male workers who migrated to London, or within London. We use data from the New Survey of London Life and Labour, a large survey of working class households, the records from which have recently been computerised. Our findings indicate
that migrants were not marginal, in fact they enjoyed slightly higher earnings and lower unemployment incidence than native
Londoners. Much of the advantage can be explained by differences in average skill levels and personal characteristics.
Received: 2 November 1999/Accepted: 3 August 2000 相似文献
125.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be defined as any extracranial mechanical force to the brain that results in any period of loss of consciousness, any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the event, or any alteration in mental status at the time of the event. The major causes are automobile accidents, falls, sporting injuries, and assaults. Many soldiers returning from combat in Afghanistan and Iraq have also experienced TBI. This article provides an overview of the neuropsychiatric complications of TBI, including impairment of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, cognitive disorders and dementia, posttraumatic epilepsy, aphasia, depression, mania, psychosis, anxiety disorders, personality changes, aggression, behavioral dyscontrol, fatigue/apathy, and increased risk of suicide. Discussion will focus primarily on issues affecting mental health clinicians. Because mental health providers are more involved in care of chronic issues related to TBI, these issues will be discussed in more detail, although acute neuropsychiatric complications of TBI will be briefly explained. 相似文献
126.
Microfinance is high on the public agenda, and better corporate governance has been identified as a key factor for enhancing
the viability of the industry. However, recent literature on the subject struggles to identify the corporate governance mechanisms
that influence the performance of the Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). Guided by stakeholder and agency theories, this paper
uses a historical parallel found in savings banks to present corporate governance lessons for MFIs, particularly non-profit
MFIs, today. The findings indicate that monitoring by bank associations, depositors, donors, and local communities was important
in securing the survival of savings banks. In addition, a willingness to expand their mission to serve wealthier customers
alongside the poor helped the banks become financially viable. These findings could prompt a rethinking of microfinance governance,
which stresses regulation, for-profit ownership, and traditional vertical board control. The paper argues that a broader and
more stakeholder-based understanding of corporate governance is necessary. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that historical
studies can provide governance lessons for today. 相似文献
127.
128.
Roy Cain Ph.D. 《Qualitative sociology》1994,17(1):43-61
Organizations, like individuals, can be discreditable and potentially stigmatized. This can affect both the members of the
organization and its operation. This study examines how workers in an AIDS service organization in Ontario, Canada, manage
its public image as a way of dealing with the stigma which surrounds much of their work. Using data from in-depth interviews
with staff members and volunteers, the study describes worker concerns about the appearance of being too closely associated
with the local gay and lesbian community and documents some of the strategies they employed to manage the organization's public
image. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relationship between organizational impression management and viability
in the context of the stigma and uncertainty which surrounds the HIV epidemic. 相似文献
129.
130.
Anne-Marie Fraisse Jean-Pierre Raoult Christian Robert Madeleine Roy 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1990,18(3):213-220
Considering exponential families of distributions, we estimate parameters which are not the natural parameters. We prove that the admissible estimators of these parameters are limits of Bayes estimators and can be expressed through a given functional form. An important particular case of this model pertains to the estimation of the mean of a multidimensional normal distribution when the variance is known up to a multiplicative factor. We deduce from the main result a necessry condition for the admissibility of matricial shrinkage estimators. 相似文献