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91.
Rishideep Roy 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2014,43(14):2859-2869
The lack of memory property is a characterizing property of the exponential distribution in the continuous domain. In the bivariate setup different generalizations of the same are available in terms of survival function. We extend this lack of memory property in terms of bivariate probability density function and examine its characterization properties. In this process the density version of the lack of memory property can be interlinked with conditionally specified exponential distribution, bivariate reciprocal coordinate subtangent of the density curve and a few other derived measures. 相似文献
92.
Kapur K Roy A Bhaumik DK Gibbons RD Lazar NA Sweeney JA Aryal S Patterson D 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2009,38(16-17):3099-3113
In this article, we model functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for event-related experiment data using a fourth degree spline to fit voxel specific blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses. The data are preprocessed for removing long term temporal components such as drifts using wavelet approximations. The spatial dependence is incorporated in the data by the application of 3D Gaussian spatial filter. The methodology assigns an activation score to each trial based on the voxel specific characteristics of the response curve. The proposed procedure has a capability of being fully automated and it produces activation images based on overall scores assigned to each voxel. The methodology is illustrated on real data from an event-related design experiment of visually guided saccades (VGS). 相似文献
93.
Bhaumik DK Roy A Lazar NA Kapur K Aryal S Sweeney JA Patterson D Gibbons RD 《Statistical Methodology》2009,6(2):133-146
Modern methods for imaging the human brain, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) present a range of challenging statistical problems. In this paper, we first develop a large sample based test for between group comparisons and use it to determine the necessary sample size in order to obtain a target power via simulation under various alternatives for a given pre-specified significance level. Both testing and sample size calculations are particularly critical for neuroscientists who use these new techniques, since each subject is expensive to image. 相似文献
94.
Often, the response variables on sampling units are observed repeatedly over time. The sampling units may come from different populations, such as treatment groups. This setting is routinely modeled by a random coefficients growth curve model, and the techniques of general linear mixed models are applied to address the primary research aim. An alternative approach is to reduce each subject’s data to summary measures, such as within-subject averages or regression coefficients. One may then test for equality of means of the summary measures (or functions of them) among treatment groups. Here, we compare by simulation the performance characteristics of three approximate tests based on summary measures and one based on the full data, focusing mainly on accuracy of p-values. We find that performances of these procedures can be quite different for small samples in several different configurations of parameter values. The summary-measures approach performed at least as well as the full-data mixed models approach. 相似文献
95.
Friedman's test is a widely used rank-based alternative to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-test for identifying treatment differences in a randomized complete block design. Many texts provide incomplete or misleading information about when Friedman's test may be appropriately applied. We discuss the assumptions needed for the test and common misconceptions. We show via simulation that when the variance or skew of the treatment distributions differ, application of Friedman's test to detect differences in treatment location can result in Type I error probabilities larger than the nominal α, and even when α is unaffected, the power of the test can be less than expected. 相似文献
96.
Microfinance is high on the public agenda, and better corporate governance has been identified as a key factor for enhancing
the viability of the industry. However, recent literature on the subject struggles to identify the corporate governance mechanisms
that influence the performance of the Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). Guided by stakeholder and agency theories, this paper
uses a historical parallel found in savings banks to present corporate governance lessons for MFIs, particularly non-profit
MFIs, today. The findings indicate that monitoring by bank associations, depositors, donors, and local communities was important
in securing the survival of savings banks. In addition, a willingness to expand their mission to serve wealthier customers
alongside the poor helped the banks become financially viable. These findings could prompt a rethinking of microfinance governance,
which stresses regulation, for-profit ownership, and traditional vertical board control. The paper argues that a broader and
more stakeholder-based understanding of corporate governance is necessary. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that historical
studies can provide governance lessons for today. 相似文献
97.
This study addresses the issues associated with the application of problem-based learning, examines the key design dimensions of a problem-based learning course and considers the implications of problem-based learning for learners and educators. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
This research focuses on the project structure used by coopetitors to achieve common innovation projects. Scholars have recently identified an original but complex project structure that they call the Coopetitive Project Team (CPT). However, other project structures can also be implemented by coopetitors to achieve innovation. Therefore, we address the following question: for which types of innovation projects is CPT appropriate? We argue that coopetitors need to use CPT for high-risk and high-cost projects when the aim is to develop radical innovation. CPT allows coopetitors not only to develop innovation capabilities through close resource and knowledge sharing but also to manage the risk of opportunism. Conversely, coopetitors should use another project structure, Separated Project Teams (SPTs), for low-cost and low-risk projects when the aim is to develop incremental innovation. The SPT design allows coopetitors both to achieve the goal of the project and to minimize the risk of opportunism. To confirm our assumptions, we studied the project portfolios of Airbus and Thales, two firms in the space satellite industry. Our findings confirm that coopetitors should implement CPTs to handle innovation projects that are costly, risky and highly innovative. CPTs permit the sharing of knowledge and the management of high opportunism risk, both of which are necessary to achieve radical innovation. Conversely, coopetitors rely on SPTs for low-cost projects that require a low degree of knowledge sharing, thus avoiding the risk of opportunism in achieving their incremental innovation objectives. 相似文献