全文获取类型
收费全文 | 28497篇 |
免费 | 744篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 3457篇 |
民族学 | 150篇 |
人才学 | 9篇 |
人口学 | 2677篇 |
丛书文集 | 157篇 |
教育普及 | 2篇 |
理论方法论 | 2623篇 |
现状及发展 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 331篇 |
社会学 | 13969篇 |
统计学 | 5866篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 141篇 |
2022年 | 128篇 |
2021年 | 146篇 |
2020年 | 424篇 |
2019年 | 638篇 |
2018年 | 739篇 |
2017年 | 996篇 |
2016年 | 694篇 |
2015年 | 572篇 |
2014年 | 691篇 |
2013年 | 5014篇 |
2012年 | 986篇 |
2011年 | 851篇 |
2010年 | 705篇 |
2009年 | 620篇 |
2008年 | 709篇 |
2007年 | 707篇 |
2006年 | 686篇 |
2005年 | 627篇 |
2004年 | 581篇 |
2003年 | 559篇 |
2002年 | 577篇 |
2001年 | 727篇 |
2000年 | 623篇 |
1999年 | 617篇 |
1998年 | 483篇 |
1997年 | 421篇 |
1996年 | 475篇 |
1995年 | 438篇 |
1994年 | 423篇 |
1993年 | 396篇 |
1992年 | 469篇 |
1991年 | 464篇 |
1990年 | 430篇 |
1989年 | 397篇 |
1988年 | 402篇 |
1987年 | 374篇 |
1986年 | 339篇 |
1985年 | 393篇 |
1984年 | 391篇 |
1983年 | 367篇 |
1982年 | 283篇 |
1981年 | 240篇 |
1980年 | 252篇 |
1979年 | 276篇 |
1978年 | 225篇 |
1977年 | 207篇 |
1976年 | 175篇 |
1975年 | 172篇 |
1974年 | 155篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
141.
Differential participation after recruitment remains a black box in the social-movement and voluntary-association literatures. This paper identifies several dimensions of membership participation in a professional social-movement organization (SMO) with a national membership and analyzes the determinants of differential involvement in these forms. In general, members' ideological beliefs, social and organizational ties, perceptions about their SMO, and communication with SMO officials all predict participation across the various forms. Our findings extend previous work on differential participation in three ways. First, we statistically isolate cultural dimensions of postrecruitment participation and, in so doing, complement recent ethnographic research. Second, our findings suggest that the distinct dimensions of external and internal participation found by Knoke (1988) in a national sample of voluntary associations may not generalize to national SMOs studied individually. Third, our results indicate that models combining ideological and microstructural factors should explain the multiple forms of participation in SMOs lacking these distinct dimensions. 相似文献
142.
Abstract Agroforestry, the practice of raising crops and trees together in ways that are mutually beneficial, provides farmers with an alternative to more conventional farming practices. In this paper, we apply Bourdieu's concepts of “field” and “habitus” in an attempt to better understand the practice of farming and the role that agroforestry may have in farming systems. Analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative interviews of farmers and other key informants in two regions, Fox‐Wyaconda Watershed in northeast Missouri and Scott County in southeast Missouri. Within the field of farming, farmers emphasized the importance of economic, family and rental relations. Important habitus considerations include different interpretations of what constitutes farming and what constitutes forestry. Based on Bourdieu's theoretical framework, we offer three alternative paths of social change that may lead to more widespread utilization of agroforestry. 相似文献
143.
How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men. 相似文献
144.
Assessing accuracy of a continuous screening test in the presence of verification bias 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Todd A. Alonzo Margaret Sullivan Pepe 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2005,54(1):173-190
Summary. In studies to assess the accuracy of a screening test, often definitive disease assessment is too invasive or expensive to be ascertained on all the study subjects. Although it may be more ethical or cost effective to ascertain the true disease status with a higher rate in study subjects where the screening test or additional information is suggestive of disease, estimates of accuracy can be biased in a study with such a design. This bias is known as verification bias. Verification bias correction methods that accommodate screening tests with binary or ordinal responses have been developed; however, no verification bias correction methods exist for tests with continuous results. We propose and compare imputation and reweighting bias-corrected estimators of true and false positive rates, receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for continuous tests. Distribution theory and simulation studies are used to compare the proposed estimators with respect to bias, relative efficiency and robustness to model misspecification. The bias correction estimators proposed are applied to data from a study of screening tests for neonatal hearing loss. 相似文献
145.
146.
A. Baddeley R. Turner J. Møller M. Hazelton 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2005,67(5):617-666
Summary. We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction. 相似文献
147.
In this paper, the history of atmospheric science is traced, from the earliest discussions from meteorologists, and the first meetings to describe this new research area. The development of atmospheric science proceeded in three phases with each phase being marked by the attempt to organize resources, and bring into the atmospheric science network, scientists from other fields. I argue here that this construction of a science provides evidence of the social nature of science as well as the importance of organizations to the creation of a science. 相似文献
148.
Melissa S. Herbert Ph.D. candidate in Sociology 《Gender Issues》1994,14(2):25-48
Attitudes toward the role of women in the military require the reconciliation of two often conflicting beliefs: those toward
the roles and rights of women and those toward the military. This article explores the relationships between positive attitudes
toward women’s roles throughout society, or feminism, and positive attitudes toward defense spending, or militarism, both
with each other and with attitudes toward gender integration in the military. Results of this analysis show there to be a
negative relationship between feminism and militarism, a positive relationship between feminism and gender integration, and
a negative relationship between militarism and gender integration. The results of multiple regression analysis show that feminism
is the strongest predictor of attitudes toward gender integration, while militarism is weak in its predictive ability. The
author argues that the issue of women in the military is more one of women’s equality than of national defense and that policy
discussions should be structured accordingly.
She is currently conducting research which examines how women in the United States military employ strategies to manage gender
and sexuality. This research provides evidence for the claim that gender is not simply a role or an attribute, but that gender
is created and recreated through our interactions with others. 相似文献
149.
The proliferation of the telephone answering machine raisesa number of questions about the continued efficiency of thetelephone as a data-gathering mechanism. The most critical ofthese is what effect the use of these machines might have onestablishing contact with potential respondents. If individualsroutinely use these machines to screen calls, then their accessibilityto telephone survey researchers will be restricted. A secondquestion is the degree to which respondents who own answeringmachines and are reachable are likely to participate in a survey.A third question is the extent to which the incidence of theanswering machine as a response disposition might vary by thetime of calling and the respondent's place of residence. Thefindings of this study, based on a nationwide survey, pointto a significant proportion of answering machine owners beingreachable and willing to participate. Furthermore, the answeringmachine appears to be in use more on weekends than on weekdayevenings and in more urbanized areas than in areas with fewerinhabitants. 相似文献
150.
A·努尔马甘别托夫 《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,30(5):60-64
哈萨克斯坦共和国的现代教育体制是国家经济的重要组成部分 ,是国家内外安全的保证。国家安全的方方面面 :经济和军事、生态和技术、文化和管理——都对教育体系有影响。教育体制质量上的转变对国家的主权、政治及经济上真正的独立都发挥着重要的作用。本文分析了哈萨克教育体制中基本因素的动态变化情况 相似文献