SEX-ROLE SOCIALIZATION AND EARLY SCHOOLING*

Cette recherche vise à démontrer comment les classes des jardins d'enfants contribuent à l'apprentissage des rôles sexuels, comme les décrivent les trois principales théories des processus de socialisation. Cette analyse nous amène à conclure que le processus de formation de l'identité sexuelle, tel qu'il est developpé dans les contextes familial et pré-scolaire, se perpétue dans le milieu scolaire. The paper shows how kindergarten classrooms manifest sex-related social processes which are consistent with each of the three major theories of socialization. The general conclusion is that schools continue the process of gender identity formation begun in the family and other preschool settings.     

Why Social Work? A Comparison of British and New Zealand Studies

Summary The results of a survey of social work students in New Zealandare briefly reported and contrasted with two British studieswhich have employed the same methodology. The validity of certainpropositions concerning the socialization of the entrant intothe social work occupation is assessed.     

The Contard Affair: Private Power,State Control,and Paternal Authority in Fin‐de‐Siècle France

This paper examines how the suicide of a teenager illuminated a longstanding ideological divide in fin‐de‐siècle France. Five days after his arrival at the Maison Paternelle, an internationally renowned, privately‐operated establishment for bourgeois boys, Gaston Contard committed suicide. The suicide was quickly sensationalized in the press and resulted in a wide‐ranging investigation by public prosecutors who charged the institution's director with illegal imprisonment. Although acquitted, this was a pyrrhic victory as the event marked a critical turning point in the relationship between private power, state control and paternal authority as it pertained to the incarceration and socialization of troubled youths.     

IMPLICATIONS OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES FOR THE U.S. FARM SECTOR AND WORKFORCE

We develop a theoretical model using migration and trade theory to examine the effects of domestic and border enforcement policies on unauthorized workers and the U.S. agricultural sector. The theoretical results show that heightened immigration policies increase the illegal farm wage rate, and reduce the employment of unauthorized farm workers and exports. The empirical analysis show that increased domestic enforcements curtail the number of undocumented farm workers by an average of 8,947 and commodity exports to Mexico by an average of $180 million. The tighter border control curbs illegal farm workers by 8,147 and reduces farm exports by $181 million. (JEL F160)     

REDUCING FLOW TIME IN AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING

The assembly of aircraft is a labor-intensive process that exhibits a significant learning-curve effect and that requires long flow times and costly work-in-process inventories. This paper describes the production context, the cost of flow time in this context, and some of the causes for the long flow times. We then develop an argument for a firm to use improvements in labor productivity to reduce flow times. Boeing has implemented the recommendations from this research and has obtained significant benefits from reducing flow times.     

A PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

We present a pavement management expert system developed by the University of Wisconsin-Madison and implemented within a geographical information system for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The system uses pavement data regularly collected on the state's 12,000 miles of highway to assist engineers, planners, and budget analysts' management decisions about pavements to be included in 6-year improvement and 3-year maintenance programs. The system has a three-layer architecture. The lowest level suggests treatments for each of a large number of small segments of highway. The middle layer aggregates segments, suggests alternative treatments, and estimates the cost of each. The top layer prioritizes the projects and incorporates them into intermediate-range plans. The geographical information system environment enables integration of existing databases within the system using a topologically structured geographic database and specialized software.