Is trust in leadership a mediator between transformational leadership and in-role performance among small-scale factory workers?

Globalization and the transformation of the organizational scene are increasing the pressure and threshold for employees to constantly perform maximum output. As such, the measure of success for many organizations is determined by their productivity level. Therefore, we believe that the leadership style adopted by the leader and the level of trust subordinates have in such a leader may be salient in determining the level of in-role performance of the subordinates in question. This study therefore tries to shed light on this issue by testing the hypotheses that transformational leadership and trust in leadership would significantly predict in-role performance, and that trust in leadership would further mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and in-role performance. A sample of 170 factory workers (subordinates) and 6 supervisors participated in the study. The subordinates completed measures of transformational leadership and trust in leadership while that of in-role performance of these subordinates was based on the ratings of their immediate supervisors. The results of the Hierarchical Multiple Regression showed that only transformational leadership positively predicted in-role performance, whereas trust in leadership failed to predict or even mediate this relationship. The study discussed the implications of the findings, limitations, and suggestions for prospective research.     

Medical Family Therapists in Action: Embracing Multiple Roles

Medical family therapy (MedFT) is a growing area of interest within the field of marriage and family therapy. Its practice necessitates a shift from conventional family therapy practices to include diverse ways of providing care. Literature highlights approaches for patients with specific illnesses and for particular healthcare contexts. Less is understood about frameworks for treating patients with different illnesses across settings. Contributing to the growing discourse surrounding MedFT, we present a role‐based practice framework that identifies six consistent roles, Therapist, Brief Interventionist, Health Coach, Patient Advocate, Consultant to Health Professionals, and Trainer specific tasks associated with each. We describe the skills needed to perform each role and describe how we move fluidly between roles to provide comprehensive care.     

Pathways to Intergenerational Adolescent Childbearing in a High‐Risk Sample

Previous research indicates that children of adolescent mothers are more likely to experience an adolescent birth than are children of older mothers. Using a longitudinal sample of 293 high‐risk mothers and their 19‐year‐old children, we investigated mediators of the intergenerational pattern of adolescent childbearing. Results from multigroup path models indicate that the intergenerational effect is (a) significant for children of unmarried mothers above and beyond mother’s prebirth socioeconomic status and education level, (b) fully mediated through early sexual intercourse related to presence of a father figure and early home environment for girls, and (c) partially mediated by early physical development for boys. Relation of findings to current models of early sexual behavior and childbearing is discussed.     

State implementation of TANF: where do we stand in 2001?

To provide a context for understanding the evaluations discussed in this volume, this paper gives an overview of the federal TANF legislation and describes features of state TANF programs that are particularly relevant for appreciating the need for evaluation and for interpreting evaluations. These features include the states’ policies regarding work by applicants and recipients, policies to divert applicants from welfare, and rules designed to change individuals’ behavior regarding childbearing, childrearing, and marriage. Because the implementation of state policies depends on practices at the front lines of the welfare system, some features of the ‘culture’ of local welfare offices are also examined.     

Experimental avoidance and high-risk sexual behavior in survivors of child sexual abuse

While many long-term correlates of child sexual abuse (CSA) have been identified, theories to explain the development of these correlates have received little empirical validation. The process of experiential avoidance is one theory that has been proposed to account for many of the correlates of CSA. The purpose of the current study was twofold: (1) To attempt to develop a more complex measure of experiential avoidance in women with and without a CSA history, and (2) to explore variables related to two of the long-term correlates of CSA, general psychological distress and high risk sexual behavior. Levels of current distress, high-risk sex, and experiential avoidance were examined in 257 undergraduate females (mean age 20.0) using self-report questionnaires. The results of the current study indicate that CSA survivors report higher levels of experiential avoidance and high-risk sexual behavior with persons other than their primary partners. Implications of these findings for theory development, therapy with CSA survivors, and HIV prevention programs are discussed.     

Personality correlates of ex-swingers

Thirty ex-swinger couples were questioned concerning relationships with parents, autonomy, attitudes toward the establishment, attitudes toward friends versus relatives, and personal adequacy. Their responses were compared with those from a current swinger's group (N = 100) and from a control group (N = 100) of couples drawn from earler work by Gilmartin. It was hypothesized that there would be few differences between ex-swinger men and swinging men but many between ex-swinger men and control men. It also was predicted that ex-swinger men compared to control men would report poorer relationships with parents, more autonomy, more anti-establishment attitudes, and more interest in friends than relatives. All groups were predicted to show few differences in personal adequacy. Ex-swinger women were predicted to be between swinging and control women concerning the above personality variables. Hypotheses were generally supported.Address reprint requests to: Bernard I. Murstein, Box 1581, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320.     

Paralinguistic Features Communicated through Voice can Affect Appraisals of Confidence and Evaluative Judgments

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior - This article unpacks the basic mechanisms by which paralinguistic features communicated through the voice can affect evaluative judgments and persuasion. Special...     

Human facial expression judgment in a conversational context

Two hundred eighty male and female college students scaled thirty-five human face photographs for the degree of annoyance, interest, understanding, and spontaneity expressed. An individual differences analysis of the scaling data indicated independence of these expression dimensions and resulted in 11 like-perceiving subgroups of subjects. These homogeneous subgroups were characterized on the basis of their differential use of facial features within as well as between expression dimensions and on their differences in a test of figural creativity.The authors are grateful to Dr. Dina Anselmi and Dr. Michael Tirrell for their contributions to the Phase II data collection.