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941.
Lüdtke A Javaux D Tango F Heers R Bengler K Ronfle-Nadaud C 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):4250-4257
The paper presents a new approach to the development of cooperative human-machine systems in the Transportation domain which is currently researched in the European project D3CoS. A necessary precondition for the acceptance of cooperative human-machine systems with shared control is the confidence and trust of the user into the system. D3CoS tackles this important issue by addressing the cooperative system as the object and the target of the system development process. This new perspective, along with corresponding innovative methods, techniques and tools, shall allow the identification of optimal task and authority sharing approaches supported by intuitive human-machine interaction and user interfaces at an early stage of system development. This will support powerful teamwork between humans and machines or between machines and machines that is transparent, intuitive and easy to understand. The paper describes the research dimensions for the development of the methods, techniques and tools as well as first results. 相似文献
942.
In the future the air traffic will rise--the workload of the controllers will do the same. In the BMWi research project, one of the tasks is, how to ensure safe air traffic, and a reasonable workload for the air traffic controllers. In this project it was the goal to find ways how to reduce the workload (and stress) for the controllers to allow safe air traffic, esp. at huge hub-airports by implementing augmented reality visualization and interaction. 相似文献
943.
Research activities to determine the need of recovery time at work were mainly performed in the 1970s and 1980s. Previous studies were largely based on expert opinions or were generated within small and non-representative groups. Often, laboratory experiments were carried out with a low number of subjects. Especially during the last decade, only little additional scientific knowledge was generated on this topic. The very resource intensive development of more detailed results based on the existing level of scientific knowledge is assumed as one reason for this. In general, it seems to be reasonable to continue further research on the knowledge generated in previous studies, but implement larger samples and more representative groups. Besides, according to monotonous manual work, more research is especially needed regarding relative operating forces and operation frequencies taken grip conditions and hand/body position into account. 相似文献
944.
Van der Molen HF Zwinderman KA Sluiter JK Frings-Dresen MH 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):1969-1971
Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are frequently reported as occupational injuries among health care workers. The health effects of a NSI can be significant when blood-to-blood contact occurs from patient to health care worker. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the number of NSIs decreased among health care workers at risk in one Dutch academic hospital after introduction of injection needles with safety devices in combination with an interactive workshop. In a cluster three-armed randomized controlled trial, 23 hospital divisions (n=796 health care workers) were randomly assigned to a group that was subjected to the use of a 'safety device plus workshop', to a group that was subjected to a 'workshop only' or to a control group with no intervention. The combined intervention of the introduction of needle safety devices and an interactive workshop led to the highest reduction in the number of self-reported NSIs compared to a workshop alone or no intervention. For practice, the use of relatively simple protective needle safety devices and interactive communication are effective measures for reducing NSI's. 相似文献
945.
Evaluation of a personal safety program with Latino preschoolers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study evaluated a personal safety educational program designed for Latino families attending preschools in a large metropolis. Seventy-eight children who participated in the Kids Learning About Safety program were compared to 45 control children. Compared with controls, participating children demonstrated enhanced ability to recognize inappropriate touches, learned correct genital terminology, were able to recognize the inappropriateness of touch requests made by "good" people, demonstrated higher levels of personal safety skills, and learned general safety rules. Gains in knowledge were maintained at three-month follow-up testing for all content areas except genital terminology. Although feedback provided by participating families was positive, recruiting participants and maintaining attendance at sessions was difficult. Discussion includes recommendations for future research and engagement of this population. 相似文献
946.
Gayane Novikova 《Transition Studies Review》2012,18(3):550-569
The post-Soviet space is fraught with multiple problems, risks and threats caused by unresolved conflicts. The vast majority
of these conflicts possess a strong ethno-political component that complicates all the conflict resolution attempts: neglect
of the role of ethnicity in interstate and intrastate conflicts can lead to overt conflict on the one hand and a deadlocked
situation in respect to all mediation on the other hand. This article focuses upon the role and impact of ethnicity factor
and the ways in which it is exploited and manipulated. The Nagorno Karabakh conflict serves as the major empirical case. 相似文献
947.
Giorgio Dominese 《Transition Studies Review》2012,18(3):487-497
The paper examines the policies, choices, structural reforms, regulatory rules, corporate and public administration matching
the world standards, openness, innovation, competitiveness, fulfillment of multilateral obligations, integration and regional
approach achievements and international relations conditionality in the “Global Governance and Geopolitics” of the main economic,
financial and policy issues, with special focus on the new regional approaches pursued by America, the European Union and
Asia and the role of the emerging and transition countries. After the US Dollar, now the Eurozone is under pressure and the
main Asian countries fear a contagion effect. While somebody proposes a slow devaluation of the Euro in order to soften the
public deficits of the group of most exposed countries and restore more competitiveness to the real economy, political leaders
are thinking to adopt indirectly the Euro two speeds operative monetary strategy, through the introduction of the majority
vote, instead of the full Members consensus, for the most important decisions at the ECB in Frankfurt. Aside these monetary
and institutional measures, the binding of the single national fiscal policy to more strict EU parameters of compatibility
with the Eurozone sustainability appear unavoidable. This paper represents the background of my lecture given on November
4 at the Beijing Forum 2011 “The Harmony of Civilizations and Prosperity for All: Tradition and Modernity, Transition and
Transformation” () at the PEK University. 相似文献
948.
Jan Van Bavel 《Demography》2010,47(2):439-458
Theory suggests that the field of study may be at least as consequential for fertility behavior as the duration and level
of education. Yet, this qualitative dimension of educational achievement has been largely neglected in demographic studies.
This article analyzes the mechanisms relating the field of study with the postponement of motherhood by European college-graduate
women aged 20–40. The second round of the European Social Survey is used to assess the impact of four features of study disciplines
that are identified as key to reproductive decision making: the expected starting wage, the steepness of the earning profile,
attitudes toward gendered family roles, and gender composition. The results indicate that the postponement of motherhood is
relatively limited among graduates from study disciplines in which stereotypical attitudes about family roles prevail and
in which a large share of the graduates are female. Both the level of the starting wage and the steepness of the earning profile
are found to be associated with greater postponement. These results are robust to controlling for the partnership situation
and the age at entry into the labor market. 相似文献
949.
Few studies have examined the effects of early life conditions on the timing of the onset of heart disease. We use the remarkable
example of a representative sample of the population of older Puerto Ricans aged 60– 74 who lived in the countryside during
childhood (n = 1,438) to examine the effects of seasonal exposures to poor nutrition and infectious diseases during late gestation on
the timing of the onset and the probability of ever experiencing adult heart disease. Cox and log logistic hazard models controlling
for childhood conditions (self-reported childhood health status and socioeconomic status [SES], rheumatic fever, and knee
height) and adult risk factors (adult SES, obesity, smoking, texercise, and self-reported diabetes) showed that the risk of
onset of heart disease was 65% higher among those born during high-exposure periods compared with unexposed individuals. However,
there were no significant differences in median time of onset for those ever experiencing heart disease. As a comparison,
we found that there were no significant seasonality effects for those who lived in urban areas during childhood. We conclude
that early exposures in utero have important ramifications for adult heart disease among the older Puerto Rican population.
We show, however, that while exposure is associated with the probability of ever experiencing adult heart disease, it is not
associated with the timing of onset among those who do experience it. 相似文献
950.
We find that Union Army veterans of the American Civil War who faced greater wartime stress (as measured by higher battlefield
mortality rates) experienced higher mortality rates at older ages, but that men who were from more cohesive companies were
statistically significantly less likely to be affected by wartime stress. Our results hold for overall mortality, mortality
from ischemic heart disease and stroke, and new diagnoses of arteriosclerosis. Our findings represent one of the first long-run
health follow-ups of the interaction between stress and social networks in a human population in which both stress and social
networks are arguably exogenous. 相似文献