“Having a family is the new normal”: Parenting in neoliberal academia during the COVID-19 pandemic

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has made explicit the burden of care shouldered by academic mothers, in addition to juggling their scholarly commitments. Although discussions are abundant on the impact of caring responsibilities on the careers of women academics, neoliberal academia continues to minimize such struggles. Despite the disruptions to family routines caused by the health crisis, academic institutions have expected academic mothers and fathers to continue undertaking their professional responsibilities at the same level as before, disregarding their parenting demands. This paper contributes to the research on parenthood in academia by looking at how, throughout the pandemic, academic parents have negotiated the tensions between parenthood and academic demands, and by investigating the strategies they use to confront neoliberal culture of academic performativity, even amid the health crisis. The paper engages with the “space invaders” concept used by Puwar (2004) to analyze the “hypervisibility” of academic mothers' and fathers' “bodies out of place” during the pandemic, and to investigate their “renegade acts” against the uncaring attitudes of their institutions. Evidence is drawn from a qualitative study conducted during December 2020 and January 2021 among scholars affiliated to Portuguese academic institutions: 17 in-depth interviews conducted with women, and two mixed-gender focus groups. Our results research reveal how the experiences of academic mothers and fathers were not uniform during the pandemic. In addition, it shows how, despite their commitment to their academic responsibilities, these parents have crafted various resistance strategies to confront the institutional pressure to continue maintain their working routines, and instead positioning themselves as “more than just academics.”     

国外农产品市场信息服务建设研究及启示

随着农业信息化的发展,国外农产品市场信息服务也取得了很好的成绩。美国、德国、法国等国家已经建立了完善或较为完善的农产品市场信息服务体系。本文旨在研究这些国家农产品市场信息服务的建设情况,探讨他们的成功经验以及对相关工作的启示和借鉴意义。     

社会网络对生活满意度的影响研究——基于京、沪、粤三地的分析

本研究以2008年和2009年在北京市、上海市和广东省进行的“中国家庭追踪调查”的数据为基础,运用多层线性模型和协方差模型探讨了社会网络对生活满意度的影响程度。研究表明,拜年网中朋友的比例、邻里互动频率和非正式社会参与都对生活满意度有积极影响,生活满意度与拜年网规模之间则呈现出“∩”型的相关关系。协方差分析结果表明,社会网络规模的扩大、朋友比例的上升和非正式社会参与频率的增加都有助于提高个人的生活满意度,但邻里互动频率的变化对个人生活满意度的提升作用还有待进一步的研究。     

Gender gaps in STEM in Japanese academia: The impact of research productivity,outside offers,and home life on pay

To understand differences in labor market outcomes between genders, economists must examine a complex array of potentially significant factors, such as institutional context, productivity differences, child-bearing and home production, and bargaining behavior. Many of these factors are not well captured by standard data sources. We use a new survey of academics in Japan to better understand the sources of gender pay differences. We find a 6% pay gap which persists when we control for research productivity, despite an institutional context shaped by explicit salary tables. We do not find a motherhood wage penalty, and the gender salary we document is not affected by differences in outside job offers.     

休谟法则和拯救实践

休谟法则是哲学史上的一个疑难问题,它不仅抽空了价值判断的理性基础,而且质疑理性对行动的指导作用,从而对人类的理性行动或实践构成严峻挑战。从述谓或判断的分类入手,可以揭示在事实判断和价值判断传统二分的基础上不足以对理性行动进行有效辩护,并提出比较性述谓和归属性述谓的区分来替代传统二分。以好为谓词的价值判断固然不能还原为事实判断,但是可以还原为比较性述谓,比较性述谓所蕴含的知好选好结构则表明了价值判断的理性特征以及理性和选择的内在统一,由此理性行动得到了更为有效的辩护。从比较性述谓到归属性述谓的转变,在某种意义上意味着不是从是推出应该,而是从应该推出是。     

Child care outcomes: economic perspectives and issues

Economics starts with the observation of widespread scarcity and the consequent need for choices about resource allocation. Common criteria for such choices are economy, effectiveness, efficiency and equity. This paper defines these criteria and locates them within a conceptual framework (the ‘production of welfare’). It also examines some of the reasons for the growth in interest in them. The main modes of evaluation—cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-consequences analyses—are described and illustrated. Few such evaluations have been conducted in child care, and the paper ends with speculation as to why this is so.     

高校师生对中国文化知识的掌握及其英语表达状况研究

随着全球一体化的进程逐步加快,文化交流越来越频繁,在对外文化交流的过程中我们接受了西方文化,但却没有做好中国传统文化知识的传承工作。虽然新的高校英语教学大纲对英语教学中对中国传统文化知识的重视作出了明确的规定,然而在实际教学过程中却并未得到有效的落实,中国传统文化的英语表达前景堪忧。通过对高校英语教师和学生对中国文化知识的掌握及其英语表达状况进行研究,对促进教学改革,推动中国传统文化在对外交流中的传播具有深远的推动作用。     

The Slaughtered and the Survivors: Collaboration Between Social Economy Organizations as a Key to Success in Times of Financial Crisis

The objective of this study is to analyze the aspects that allowed a critical part of Social Economy Organizations (SEOs) to survive a recession period, especially participation in collaborative networks. The financial stress of an SEO will depend on the resources and capabilities available to the organization. To analyze the financial stress of Spanish SEOs, we defined a sample of 714 SEOs. Approximately half of these organizations suffered from financial stress in the analyzed period (2009–2012). The results obtained in this study reveal the existence of three factors that distinguish organizations under financial stress: (a) a high dependence on government funding; (b) changes in the relationship between staff and volunteers; and (c) a lack of access to markets. The combination of these three elements results in an unsustainable situation for the organization. The development of a collaborative profile increases the SEO’s probability of surviving the adverse manifestations of its environment.     

Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping Strategies in Adult Pathological Gamblers and Their Mediating Role with Anxious-Depressive Symptomatology

Coping plays a central role in the appearance and persistence of pathological gambling. Anxious and depressive symptomatology also influence pathological gambling and are related to coping. This study aimed to analyze pathological gamblers’ coping strategies and styles, as well as associated anxious and depressive symptomatology. The study sample included 167 male pathological gamblers (mean age = 39.29 years) and 107 non-gamblers (mean age = 33.43 years). Measures of gambling, coping, and anxious and depressive symptomatology were used. Results showed that pathological gamblers’ scored higher in all the maladaptive coping strategies, problem- and emotion-focused disengagement, and disengagement subscales. These subscales also correlated with pathological gambling, and anxious and depressive symptomatology. Pathological gamblers also scored higher in emotional expression and emotion-focused engagement, with no differences in the rest of the adaptive coping strategies. Coping was also found to predict pathological gambling and anxious and depressive symptomatology. It was found that coping mediated the relationship between pathological gambling and anxious symptomatology when controlling for the effect of age. Specifically, social withdrawal and disengagement stood out as mediators. These results provide practical information for use in clinical settings with people diagnosed with pathological gambling.     

生活世界视域中的公民身份认同探究

生活世界开启了人类活动的空间,同样它以自身的整体性纠正着人类前行道路的偏差,它使得人们在社会之中建构的各种权利获得了合法性和合理性支撑,同样,它促使人们认识到,对共同体的忠诚是公民履行自己的义务和责任,人类必须对生活世界或者栖息之地有归属感和认同感,对自己生活的共同体应该负有责任感,正是这种责任促使人们产生一种生态公民身份,以便人们更好地处理人对自然关系,达到人与自然和谐相处。