Religion as a determinant of marital stability

Using data from the 1987–1988 National Survey of Families and Households, this paper studies the role of the religious composition of unions as a determinant of marital stability. With the exceptions of Mormons and individuals with no religious identification, stability is found to be remarkably similar across the various types of homogamous unions. Consistent with the notion that religion is a complementary marital trait, interfaith unions have generally higher rates of dissolution than intrafaith unions. The destabilizing effect of out-marriage varies inversely with the similarity in beliefs and practices of the two religions as well as with the mutual tolerance embodied in their respective doctrines. The results also suggest that religious compatibility between spouses at the time of marriage has a large influence on marital stability, rivaling in magnitude that of age at marriage and, at least for Protestants and Catholics, dominating any adverse effects of differences in religious background.     

Sex-dependent associations between daily physical activity and leg exercise blood pressure responses

The authors examined interindividual and sex-specific variation in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure responses to graded leg-extension exercise in healthy older (60-78 yr) women (n = 21) and men (n = 19). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body composition, physical activity (accelerometry), and vascular function were measured to identify predictors of exercise BP. Neither VO2max nor activity counts were associated with the rise in SBP or DBP during exercise in men. The strongest predictors of these responses in men were age (SBP: r2 = .19, p = .05) and peak exercise leg vasodilation (DBP: r2 = -.21, p < .05). In women, the modest relationship observed between VO2max and exercise BP was abolished after adjusting for central adiposity and activity counts (best predictors, cumulative r2 = .53, p < .05, for both SBP and DBP). These results suggest that determinants of variation in submaximal exercise BP responses among older adults are sex specific, with daily physical activity influencing these responses in women but not men.     

Entrepreneurial Marketing in Online-Netzwerken

A growing number of professionals use online social networks (e.g., Xing or LinkedIn) for business reasons by specifically promoting themselves. Especially executives and entrepreneurs use business social networks as a marketing tool in order to manage their business contacts and, thus, positioning themselves as a brand. Using on Keller’s (1993) customer-based brand equity model, we focus on the special behavior of entrepreneurs in such social networks. Based on the a large data set from a leading social network, we empirically analyze whether entrepreneurs act differently than other users and whether this strategy pays off. Based on a SUR model, we determine what the drivers for entrepreneurs’ profile views and contacts are. The results show that entrepreneurs focus on communicating their intentions and competencies and engage actively in the community. Especially participating in user groups and attending community events are key drivers for success.     

区域·结构·秩序——历史学与人类学的对话

2006年4月17日,一场由刘平教授发起及其与包弼德教授共同主持的历史学与人类学的跨学科对话在哈佛燕京图书馆会议室举行。该对话围绕着当代中国历史学的发展、历史人类学的由来、中国历史人类学状况以及台湾的人类学研究等主题展开。而关于"什么是历史人类学"的问题,更是汇聚了来自多方的不同声音。这样的交流和交锋,对于中国当前以及今后的历史人类学研究,有着可以预期的启示作用。     

语言符号的任意性和非任意性

从大的方面看,语言符号具有任意性和非任意性其中任意性指的是孤立地看单个的语言符号,其"能指和所指的联系是任意的";而非任意性则比较复杂,它又表现为三个具体特征,即限制性、约定性和临摹性,它们都是从不同的角度把语言符号置于一个更大的系统中而观察到的.从不同的角度观察到的语言符号的不同特征,相互之间不具有矛盾关系.对语言符号各种特征的理解应具有兼容的态度.     

How we decide shapes what we choose: decision modes track consumer decisions that help decarbonize electricity generation

Theory and Decision - With concerns regarding climate change rising, companies and policy makers seek to understand the precursors to environmentally-friendly consumer choice. Decision modes are...     

Dynamics of buried seed population and seedling cohorts of two dominant weeds in a hill agroecosystem of the humid subtropics of India

Dynamics of the buried seeds and plant population of two dominant weeds, viz.,Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. andRichardsonia pilosa HBK were studied in the crop fields of Meghalaya, north-east India during radish and maize cropping and intervening fallow periods. The total buried seed population ofR. pilosa was always larger than that ofE. sonchifolia, but the germinable fraction was invariably greater in the latter. A major portion (39–41%) of the viable (germinable+dormant) seed population in both weeds was confined to the surface soil layer (0–5 cm). The viable seed population ofE. sonchifolia peaked during April, while that ofR. pilosa showed two peaks (during August and December). The survival pattern and half-lives of seedling cohorts showed, some differences in the two weed species, but both being summer annuals, their populations behaved in a similar manner by showing higher seedling recruitment (K) and survivorship (p) rates in the summer crop (maize) than in the winter crop (radish). However, the density of plants that could attain adulthood was significantly higher inE. sonchifolia thanR. pilosa which might have resulted in greater seed input of the former to the soil leading to its greater abundance in the crop fields. Supported by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi (Grants No. F. 3-37/87 SR II)     

单元件系统预防维修模型的建立及应用

利用时间延迟概念建立了预防维修模型.阐述了时间延迟概念;对预防维修进行技术经济分析,在此基础上建立了总停机时间与维修间隔期之间关系的目标函数;根据所提出的有关模型的假定条件,建立了单元件系统基本预防维修模型.最后对案例进行了分析.     

Migration and Elderly Africans in the United States

Although population movements and migration across national borders have occurred throughout human history, the accelerated pace of human migration from Africa to the United States in recent decades is unprecedented. A distinct phenomenon of this trend is that in addition to young African immigrants, an increasing number of elderly Africans are joining the ranks of immigrants in the United States. This article explores prevailing factors that may explain migration among elderly Africans in late adult life. The article addresses the unique experience of African-born elders as they age in the United States. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed.