Participation in ethnic associations: the case of immigrants in West Germany

This paper gives the results of a 1981-1982 study of Greek, Italian, and Turkish immigrants in West Germany. Ethnic organizations such as those that presently exist in large numbers in West Germany are often viewed as indicating a lack of social integration and participation by immigrants in the host society. Whether these organizations segregate the immigrants and make their assimilation more difficult, as research on minority groups often claims, or whether they serve as mediating institutions to help integrate and assimilate the newcomers, as other theories would lead one to expect, will depend on the basic orientation of the ethnic organization itself toward the host country. Results indicate the distinctive characteristics of the organizations serving each of these 3 different groups, the extent to which persons of each nationality participate in these associations, the reasons they give for their participation, and the ways in which participation in organizations with different organizations affects the social integration and assimilation of the individual immigrants. Efforts to increase and support the political activities of minority groups at the local level will have positive consequences; this would be 1 modest but decisive step toward eliminating the mutual prejudices of minority and majority group members. As long as immigrants have a clear right to remain in their host country, a secure means of existence, and recognition and acceptance as members of an ethnic minority, their heritage and pride should not be seen as an indication of any lack of identification with the dominant society.     

The fertility of migrants before and after crossing the border: the ethnic German population from the former Soviet Union as a case study

Empirical data on persons of German ethnic origin migrating to Germany from the former Soviet Union are used to calculate their relative ferility levels before and after arriving in their new host country. Despite small numbers in the survey , a suitable method was used to effecitvely compare fertility before and after crossing the border with an index measure of national fertility rates. A relatively strong fertility decline was observed for German origin migrants ( Aussiedler ) from the former Soviet Union during their first years in Germany.
More interesting, we consider, is how and to what extent the change in living conditions affected reproductive behaviour after arrival in Germany.
Surprisingly, the fertility of this former high-fertility population fell to a level much lower than the already low German fertility. The extraordinarily high fertility levels of certain religious groups within the former Soviet Union fell even more rapidly after arrival in their new home country.
The results of the study may shed light on another development in Germany: that immediately after reunification the total fertility rate in the former GDR fell to the extremely low level of about 0.6 in 1993 and 1994. The experience of the former East German population is therefore similar to that of German-origin migrants from the former Soviet Union.     

Distance measures in a one-parameter class of density functions

In a class of density functions with parameter λ > 0 , which includes Weibull and Gamma distributions, three distance measures are examined. Several properties of these measures and relationships between them are proved. Furthermore the exponential distribution is characterized in a one- parameter class of Weibull distributions.     

Is a continuous rational social aggregation impossible on continuum spaces?

This paper provides a global topological setting for the social choice theory on continuum spaces of alternatives, in contrast to the local differentiable setting of Chichilnisky. Chichilnisky proved that a rational continuous social choice must be discontinuous in her setting. Our paper revisits her theorem to trace the source of this discontinuity. We find that the discontinuity is irrelevant to social aggregation, per se. The main theorem states that there exist a number of continuous social utility maps which are anonymous and satisfy the Pareto condition. As a corollary, we show that there exist corresponding continuous social welfare functions, if singularity is not separated from regular preferences in social preference topology. This extends the possibility result of Jonnes-Zhang-Simpson on linear preferences, to the general ones. The notion of singularity of preferences, relative to the given mathematical structure of an alternative space, is carefully studied.     

基于局域网的信息系统安全监控体系研究

针对某局域网的教务管理信息系统的安全性进行了全面的分析,提出了该系统所需采用的安全策略和方法,设计了系统权限分配和用户认证、记录追踪、数据库连接的通讯协议、启用C2级审核、警报系统等程序,实现了SLTMIS完整有效的安全监控体系.     

Intrahousehold empowerment gaps in agriculture and children's well‐being in Bangladesh

This article examines the relationship between empowerment gaps between spouses and children's nutritional status and education using nationally representative data from the 2012 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. We measure relative empowerment of spouses using the recently developed Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. We find that while gender gaps in empowerment are only linked weakly to children's nutritional status, fathers’ and mothers’ empowerment have different effects on investment in children. Fathers’ empowerment is positively associated with younger children's nutrition and schooling, while mothers’ empowerment is more important for girls’ education in general and in keeping older boys and girls in school.     

Academic Engagement and Achievement Predict Career Adaptability

Abundant evidence indicates that personality, social, cultural, and contextual factors predict career adaptability. However, little research attends to the roles of academic engagement and achievement in career adaptability, especially in non‐Western cultural contexts. We examined the associations of perceived academic engagement dimensions (i.e., behavioral and emotional engagement) and academic achievement with facets of career adaptability among 324 Filipino high school students. Results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrate that, after controlling for age and gender, behavioral engagement served as the strongest predictor of concern, curiosity, confidence, and control. In addition, perceived academic achievement was the weakest predictor of career adaptability dimensions. Our findings underscore the benefits of integrating active involvement in school‐related tasks to foster career adaptability in high school student populations.     

Estimates of the parameters of type-II extreme value distribution from censored samples

Maximum likelihood estimators of a Type-II extreme value distribution are derived from doubly censored samples. The asymptotic variances and covariances of the maximum likelihood estimators are discussed and these are numerically evaluated for different censoring proportions q₁ = 0.0(0. l) (0.9) from below and q₂ = 0.0 (0. l) (0.9- q₁) from above. The asymptotic relative efficiencies of the parameter estimates revealed that lower order statistics are more important for estimating the parameters of Type-II extreme value distribution as compared to higher order statistics.     

论马克思最低工资理论的形成与发展

最低工资理论是马克思工资学说的重要组成部分。马克思最低工资理论经历了产生、发展、成熟和完善等几个发展阶段。马克思对最低工资的内容，它与劳动力价值的关系以及与此相联系的工人阶级经济斗争的意义都经历了一个从初步的认识到完整的科学认识的发展过程     

Rumors of Mass Poisoning in Biafra

Many rumors of mass poisoning circulated in Biafra during therecent Nigerian civil war. The author describes the conditionsthat bred the rumors and the Biafran customs and beliefs thatshaped them