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841.
The analysis of qualitative data seems to be inevitably bound to tedious and time-consuming mechanical work, especially if we proceed to more complex analytical procedures like testing hypotheses. In this article we describe the general tasks of qualitative analysis, i.e., reducing data, structuring findings, and drawing conclusions. Then we outline, referring to the software package AQUAD 3.0, how software facilitates the work of qualitative researchers. By describing a practical application of this software, basic features of computer assistance to hypotheses testing are explained. 相似文献
842.
Sara Staats Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Christie Partilo 《Social indicators research》1995,34(1):93-112
Past and present well-being of university students from Canada and the United States are compared. Ratings for the domains of health, recreation, self-esteem, and education decreased significantly between the 1984 measures and the 1992 measures. Canadian students generally rated the domains lower than did students from the United States. Self-discrepancy measures tended to decrease and hope measures for the United States students indicated less hopefulness now than in 1984. In general, student perceptions of well-being seem poorer now than in the past.A path analysis revealed that MDT predicted 39 percent of the variance for satisfaction and 45 percent for happiness. Empirical support is provided for most of the hypothesized paths and for self esteem and social support as conditioners of well-being. The results are consistent with cultural convergence and theories of well-being that incorporate both actual world changes and individual perception of those changes. 相似文献
843.
Margarita Stolarova Heather Whitney Sara J. Webb Raye‐Ann de Regnier Michael K. Georgieff Charles A. Nelson 《Infancy》2003,4(3):437-450
This study sought to examine the electrophysiological correlates of visual perceptual priming in a sample of low risk preterm infants. We compared the ERP data of 20 healthy preterm infants at the age of 6 months (corrected age: 4 months) to those of 20 six‐month‐old and 20 four‐month‐old full term infants. The comparison groups represented the preterm infants' chronological and corrected ages respectively. The results showed that the brain responses of the preterm infants at the age of 6 months, specifically the topography and the latency of the Nc component, are more similar to those of their corrected age peers than to those of the chronological age controls. 相似文献
844.
大學生英語學習動機衰竭現象研究(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
動機在二語/外語學習中起著重要作用。外部原因,如教師的批抨和過低的考試分數,會造成動機的衰竭(demotivation)。經歷動機衰竭的學習者表現出被動、抵制、放棄、厭煩、焦慮等行為和負面情緒。不少學生以濃厚的興趣開始以討厭或絕望告終。這種動機衰竭現象在外語學習中屢見不鮮。本文研究動機強烈學生和動機衰竭學生的不同之處以期更好地理解動機衰竭的原因,以半開放式深度訪談為主要研究方式。根據定性研究程式的要求,封各種资料進行了歸納,發现兩組學生在六個方面存在明顯不同: 1)歸宿感;2)考試分數的影響;3)內在動機和外在動機的轉化;4)封四圾考試的態度和焦慮;5)學習觀念與認知策略;6)自我調節。 相似文献
845.
Karine Verschueren Dorien Dossche Alfons Marcoen Sara Mahieu Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg 《Social Development》2006,15(4):659-675
Previous research was extended by connecting maternal attachment representations not only to maternal emotional support and task structuring, but also to maternal discipline. A total number of 62 mothers of preschoolers (Mage = 54 months) completed the adult attachment interview and a self‐report measure of dysfunctional discipline. Two years later, a subsample of 38 mother–child dyads was observed during two laboratory interaction tasks in which the mother and child were induced to have divergent goals. In general, the hypothesized connections between maternal attachment representations and discipline were found, at least when discipline was independently observed. Specifically, as compared to autonomous mothers, non‐autonomous mothers showed more overreactivity, more psychological control and less flexibility in their discipline attempts. Also, their children were less compliant. These differences were more pronounced during a story‐eliciting task than during a block task. These findings suggest that parental behaviors in the discipline domain contribute to the explanation of the intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns. 相似文献
846.
Libor Musil Kateřina Kubalčíková Olga Hubíková Miroslava Nečasová 《European Journal of Social Work》2004,7(3):305-319
This article is devoted to Lipsky's suggestion that the purpose of street-level policies is to establish and justify patterns of behaviour that enable street-level bureaucrats to avoid the dilemmas provoked by uncertain working conditions. Based on a review of relevant literature as well as on case studies in the culture of social work service organisations by the authors, the article suggests that two kinds of street-level policies are described by the research. The first one is consistent with the aforementioned idea by Lipsky and follows the wish of social service workers to avoid the dilemmas of their work with clients without trying to change those uncertain conditions that provoke these dilemmas. The actors of the second kind of street-level policy try to negotiate with relevant partners and to change uncertain working conditions that are at the roots of their dilemmas. Both kinds of street-level policy are described by means of empirical examples and their substantive features are summarised. 相似文献
847.
This article considers how a social movement group in the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (GLBT) movement engages in discursive contention with the Religious Right over the meaning of traditional family values. By utilizing an understanding of framing as interpretive practice, we return to a more active conceptualization of framing and illustrate how the meaning making of PFLAG (Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays), though bound by the dominant discourse of traditional family values, appropriates this discourse by doing "real family values." We close by considering how PFLAG's interpretive practice subverts and reproduces hegemonic meaning and by noting how our understandings of movement framing are extended by analyses of interpretive practice. 相似文献
848.
This paper describes the process by which the relationship between university workers and members of a Gypsy community evolved. Transformation in the relationships between the two, in terms of knowledge, trust, and affect, in turn transformed the nature of the work undertaken. What started as research on the community changed into research within and of the community. The process is discussed in terms of empowerment, community psychological practice and participatory action research. Este artículo describe el proceso de cambio de la relación establecida entre miembros de una universidad y miembros de una comunidad gitana. Las transformaciones que dicha relación experimentó, en términos de conocimiento, confianza y afecto, acabaron alterando la naturaleza del propio proyecto. Lo que empezó siendo una investigación sobre una comunidad, fue transformándose en una investigación en la comunidad, con la colaboración de la comunidad. El artículo discute este proceso se discute en términos de 'empowerment', psicología comunitaria, e investigación-acción. 相似文献
849.
Embedded hierarchical relationships between children and adults constrain children's voice. For adults to support children's participation in decisions they need to learn new ways of working; to enable children to communicate their views, develop their ideas, make group decisions and take joint action. This article explores the different roles that caring professionals adopt when facilitating children's participation within Child‐to‐Child community health projects. It shows how even committed adults can struggle with shifting their practice and highlights the importance of facilitators adopting a reflective approach rooted in genuine dialogue with children in order to determine the most appropriate level of adult support. 相似文献
850.
Though researchers have described psychosocial barriers to mental health care-seeking, limited research has examined ways in which gender and race-ethnicity are associated with individuals' perceptions and attitudes. This study investigates correlates of psychosocial barriers to mental health care in a population of adults reporting unmet need for mental health care, focusing on gender and race-ethnicity. Data are from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Multivariate analyses show that non-Latino white male status is positively associated with stigma avoidance and mistrust/fear of the mental health care system. Persons of lower income or educational status are less likely to report negative attitudes towards care. Findings imply a need to reconsider the roles of gender race-ethnicity, and socioeconomic status within investigations of psychosocial barriers to care. Future research should examine the relationships among social status, help-seeking behaviors, and attitudes toward mental health care. 相似文献