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991.
This article considers the extent and nature of social work and social care practitioners' experience of working with service users whose lives are affected by the problematic use of alcohol or other drugs (AOD). It draws on the findings of a national study of ‘working with alcohol and drug use’ which was conducted in England in 2010–2011. The study reported here comprised an online survey of front-line practitioners (n = 597), complemented by 12 practitioner focus groups and interviews with 21 key informants from participating local authorities and substance use treatment services. This paper focuses primarily on data from one element of the survey. Findings indicate that the great majority of staff encountered service users who are affected by AOD problems at some level, although there were differences between groups of practitioners in the extent and nature of AOD problems for different groups of service users. The differential experiences of staff according to their client groups underlines the need for education and professional development not only to provide training on working with AOD but to ensure that training is contextualised and relevant to practitioners across the range of social work and social care services. 相似文献
992.
An exploratory teaching approach was inspired by the communicative experiences of d/Deaf students in tertiary education. ‘Theory of Mind’ has been used by some to describe the capacity to appreciate that views of others may be different from our own, a concept that could provide a different way for students and educators to understand the barriers identified. An adapted assessment highlighted challenges faced and a communication group provided opportunities for extending personal understandings of social settings. Emerging ideas to inform practice and potential implications for inclusion have relevance for other contexts. 相似文献
993.
Mel Pollner regularly cautioned researchers not to argue with the members of settings under consideration. He warned against
substituting the researcher’s meaning for the meanings of those being studied. This article discusses facets of the caution
as they relate to the research process. Seemingly simple, the tenet is nuanced in application. The article adds to the nuance
by distinguishing what is called the “replacement” of meaning with the “displacement” of meaning, providing a way of understanding
what members could mean if the contexts and settings of their accounts were taken into consideration. 相似文献
994.
995.
Sport for Development has many reported benefits, but quantitative evidence of the impact of these interventions in Low Income Countries remains sparse. A new monitoring and evaluation toolkit was used in a cross-sectional survey at Moving the Goalposts (MTG), a football project aiming to empower young Kenyan women. We wished to determine empirically whether increased membership duration brought increased benefits. MTG selected and translated toolkit items consistent with the organisation's strategic aims. We collected 333 completed questionnaires at 15 sites. Psychometric validation revealed some reliable scales; remaining items were scored separately. Scores were sensitive to differences between members defined by sociodemographic and site characteristics. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses showed that increased membership duration brought increasing benefits across several domains (perceived lifeskills; social life; insights about HIV/AIDS; outcomes related to female empowerment). Improved leadership skills were mainly age-related. Members attending more established sites experienced greater benefits, but members at more and less accessible sites benefitted similarly. Positive thoughts and feelings were related not to membership duration, but to how long a site had been operating. This indicates the importance of creating a positive culture over time. This cross-sectional study provides quantitative evidence for the benefits of Sport for Development initiatives. 相似文献
996.
This study compares self-reported readiness to engage in college between a sample of 81 college freshmen who aged out of foster care prior to or while attending a large four-year public university and the national freshman population. Results indicate that students from foster care are significantly different from their non-foster-care peers in their readiness to engage in college. The results also show that foster youth are less well prepared academically upon entering college and this performance gap persists through the first semester of college. These findings are examined in the context of the current literature on foster youth. Limitations of the study and implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
997.
Jason M. Fletcher 《Journal of Labor Research》2012,33(1):49-75
In this paper, we use a longitudinal survey that has collected information for 50 years on a large cohort of Wisconsin high
school graduates and their siblings to examine the long term impact of early occupational choice on health status. We find
evidence that beginning a career in a blue collar occupation is correlated with several measures of poor health outcomes at
ages 50–65. Since our dataset includes usually unobserved pre-labor market characteristics, including IQ and childhood health
status, we can show that controlling for these variables is important for many results and suggests a high level of selection
into occupation based on health and ability. We also provide evidence of gender differentials in the association between first
occupation and later health. Then, we replace our basic measure of occupational categories with summary measures of job characteristics
and find that employment at “bad jobs” at the beginning of an individual’s career predicts later health outcomes. Finally,
we use sibling information in the dataset to show that unmeasured family background factors explain a large share of the effects
of occupation on later health. Overall, the evidence points to limited, though heterogeneous, long term effects of health
from blue collar employment. 相似文献
998.
Kandice Kapinos 《Journal of Labor Research》2012,33(1):91-103
In light of the recent concerns regarding the solvency of Social Security’s Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI),
private pensions may play an increasingly important role in retirement welfare of US retirees. However, the private pension
landscape has evolved in ways that may result in lower private pension wealth for retirees. One recent such phenomenon involves
the conversion of traditional defined benefit pension plans to cash balance plans, which results in lower pension benefits
for many workers. In this study, I investigated how characteristics of the firm’s workforce influenced whether the firm converted
their traditional pension plan to a cash balance plan and how these characteristics related to the firm’s pension plan policy
more generally. Using the Longitudinal Employer-Household Data and pension plan data from the Department of Labor/Internal
Revenue Service and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, I found little evidence of workforce age distribution effects
on the likelihood of DB plan conversion to a cash balance plan in the 1990s. More generally, I consistently found positive
associations between firms with older and more female workforces and defined contribution plans during the same time. 相似文献
999.
Elizabeth Popp Berman 《Theory and Society》2012,41(3):261-299
Organizational institutionalism has shown how institutional entrepreneurs can introduce new logics into fields and push for
their broader acceptance. In academic science in the United States, however, market logic gained strength without such an
entrepreneurial project. This article proposes an alternative “practice selection” model to explain how a new institutional
logic can gain strength when local innovations interact with changes outside the field. Actors within a field are always experimenting
with practices grounded in a variety of logics. When one logic is dominant, innovations based on alternative logics may have
trouble gaining the resources they need to become more broadly institutionalized. But if a changing environment starts systematically
to favor practices based on an alternative logic, that logic can become stronger even in the absence of a coherent project
to promote it. This is what happened in US academic science, as growing political concern with the economic impact of innovation
changed the field’s environment in ways that encouraged the spread of local market-logic practices. 相似文献
1000.
Elizabeth Bernstein 《Theory and Society》2012,41(3):233-259
This article draws upon recent works in sociology, jurisprudence, and feminist theory in order to assess the ways in which
feminism, and sex and gender more generally, have become intricately interwoven with punitive agendas in contemporary US politics.
Melding existing theoretical discussions of penal trends with insights drawn from my own ethnographic research on the contemporary
anti-trafficking movement in the United States—the most recent domain of feminist activism in which a crime frame has prevailed
against competing models of social justice—I elaborate upon the ways that neoliberalism and the politics of sex and gender
have intertwined to produce a carceral turn in feminist advocacy movements previously organized around struggles for economic
justice and liberation. Taking the anti-trafficking movement as a case study, I further demonstrate how human rights discourse
has become a key vehicle both for the transnationalization of carceral politics and for the reincorporation of these policies
into the domestic terrain in a benevolent, feminist guise. I conclude by urging greater and more nuanced attention to the
operations of gender and sexual politics within mainstream analyses of contemporary modes of punishment, as well as a careful
consideration of the neoliberal carceral state within feminist discussions of gender, sexuality, and the law. 相似文献