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31.
Schumacher M Zubaran C White G 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2008,21(2):65-70
OBJECTIVES: Maternal postpartum depression is a prevalent health disorder with important consequences to the family and child development. Research evidence demonstrates that fathers can also suffer from psychological distress in the postpartum period and that paternal depression has a detrimental effect on the child's behavioral and emotional development. This study aims to review the current literature available about birth-related paternal depression. METHOD: A literature search from 1980 to 2007 was conducted through Medline electronic database, using the following Mesh terms: postpartum, postnatal, depression, fathers and paternal. Studies on maternal postpartum depression that examined issues related to paternal depression were also selected. RESULTS: Understanding about paternal depressive disorders during the postnatal period has advanced considerably in the last decade. Various studies demonstrate that birth-related paternal depression is a significant problem and closely associated with maternal depressive symptoms. Children of depressive fathers are also at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS: Men may suffer from psychological distress after childbirth and birth-related paternal depression is not a rare phenomenon. Since this disorder, also called 'paternal postpartum depression', presents potential deleterious effects for the child, an increased level of public health awareness and scientific interest is warranted. In addition, a more detailed assessment of fathers during the postnatal period is recommended, especially when their partners are also depressed, so that the condition will be promptly recognized and treated. 相似文献
32.
JL Sligo HM McAnally JE Tansley JM Baxter AE Bolton KM Skillander 《Kōtuitui : New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online》2017,12(1):41-55
The living arrangements of young people in New Zealand are diverse and often complex. In this article we report the range of care and living arrangements of 209 15-year-old New Zealanders, 47 of whom identified as Māori. These young people were participants in the second generation of a cohort study. Data were collected from their parents via a life history calendar and analysed for variety and consistency of care arrangements, household membership and transitions. Few participants had a consistent pattern of parental care arrangements and most had experienced multiple changes in household composition and frequent changes of address. We conclude that the whānau/family lives of many young New Zealanders are complex and dynamic. These observations contrast with the conventional notions of family life that form the basis for New Zealand’s family policies. We argue that social policies and services impacting on young people need to reflect the lived reality of young people if they are to meet young people’s needs. 相似文献
33.
34.
We examine the effect of unions on the earnings of health care workers, with emphasis on the measurement and sources of union
wage premiums. Using data constructed from the 1973 though 1994 Current Population Surveys, standard union premium estimates
are found to be substantially lower among workers in health care than in other sectors of the economy, and to be smaller among
higher skill than among lower skill occupational groups. Longitudinal analysis of workers switching union status, which controls
for worker-specific skills, indicates a small impact of unions on earnings within both high and low skilled health care occupations.
Evidence is found for small, but significant, union threat effects in health care labor markets. It has been argued that recent
legal changes in bargaining unit determination should enhance union organizing and bargaining power. Although we cannot rule
this out, such effects are not readily apparent in our data.
The authors appreciate the assistance of David Macpherson, who helped develop the CPS data files used in the paper. 相似文献
35.
Evaluation of the impact of nosocomial infection on duration of hospital stay usually relies on estimates obtained in prospective cohort studies. However, the statistical methods used to estimate the extra length of stay are usually not adequate. A naive comparison of duration of stay in infected and non-infected patients is not adequate to estimate the extra hospitalisation time due to nosocomial infections. Matching for duration of stay prior to infection can compensate in part for the bias of ad hoc methods. New model-based approaches have been developed to estimate the excess length of stay. It will be demonstrated that statistical models based on multivariate counting processes provide an appropriate framework to analyse the occurrence and impact of nosocomial infections. We will propose and investigate new approaches to estimate the extra time spent in hospitals attributable to nosocomial infections based on functionals of the transition probabilities in multistate models. Additionally, within the class of structural nested failure time models an alternative approach to estimate the extra stay due to nosocomial infections is derived. The methods are illustrated using data from a cohort study on 756 patients admitted to intensive care units at the University Hospital in Freiburg. 相似文献
36.
Edward J. Schumacher 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(4):581-592
I examine the exit decision of registered nurses using the longitudinal data files generated by the March Current Population
Surveys (CPS) from 1983 through 1994. By examining the wages of workers outside of nursing, a measure of the reservation wage
is constructed and related to the decision to leave nursing, either for an alternative job or to exit employment. My results
indicate that nurses respond to outside wage opportunities. A one standard deviation decrease in the difference between the
actual and predicted log wage results in an 8 percent increase in the exit of nurses. Secretaries, however, are shown to have
a much greater sensitivity to outside wages due to the lower degree of occupation-specific training required for secretarial
jobs. A similar increase in the wage gap for secretaries results in an 18 percent increase in turnover. RNs employed in hospitals,
covered by a union contract, and employed in the public sector are relatively attached to the nursing profession.
The author appreciates the helpful comments of Barry Hirsch, David Macpherson, and Leola Ross. 相似文献
37.
Usdan SL Moore CG Schumacher JE Talbott LL 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2005,54(2):69-75
Drinking and driving is perhaps the most serious problem associated with heavy drinking among college students in the United States. In this study, the authors examined drinking locations prior to impaired driving in a college student sample. They administered the Impaired Driving Assessment to 91 college students identified as high risk for drinking and driving. Participants reported an average of 7.98 (SD = 7.67) impaired driving episodes during the past 5 weeks. Using a random effects model, the authors found that location was a significant predictor of blood alcohol content (BAC), F(6,89.6) = 3.62, p = 0.0029. After drinking alcohol at a party, students' average estimated BAC prior to driving (geometric M = 0.089) was significantly greater than all other drinking locations (geometric M = 0.033). The findings of this study provide insight into drinking locations prior to impaired driving and can be used by college health practitioners to develop appropriate interventions to reduce the magnitude of this problem. 相似文献
38.
JE Beasley 《Omega》1985,13(1):51-58
In this paper we review the literature on the strategy that a company should adopt, both at a corporate level and at an individual business level, in order to be successful. Some findings from the literature are highlighted and predictions given as to how we believe research into corporate and business strategy will develop. 相似文献
39.
Kim Stansbury MSW PhD Mitzi Schumacher MS PhD 《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(1-2):126-142
ABSTRACT The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore African American clergy's mental health literacy with older congregants 60 years of age and older. Using a grounded theory approach, we recruited a purposive sample of 9 African American clergy representing diverse ages, denominations, locales, and educational levels. Data was coded and classified according to Kevin's (1976) typology of pastoral counseling and Jorm et al.'s (1997) conceptual model of mental health literacy. Findings from data analysis revealed study respondents were adherents of Kevin's Religious–Community (R–C) model. Additionally, the following themes emerged: loss of cognitive functioning, psychosocial stressors, religiosity, and appreciation for professional assistance, cultural barriers, and key informants/familiarity with formal mental health providers which partially maps onto Jorm et al.'s conceptual model of mental health literacy. 相似文献