Canadian part-time work into the Millennium: On the cusp of change

This paper examines the general evolution of part-time work in the Canadian context and the related scholarship on insecure employment. We analyse the major factors implicated in the expansion of part-time employment and speculate on the further evolution of this form of peripheral employment and its likely implications in particular for women, youth, and older workers. Finally, we discuss the challenge to unions and the state in addressing the question of workers' insecurity and marginalized work. Cet article examine l'evolution generale du travail a temps partiel et ce, dans un contexte canadien, ainsi que les etudes et la recherche sous-jacentes sur l'incertitude marquant le travail. Nous analyserons les pricipaux facteurs accompagnant la croissance du travail a temps partiel et reflechirons sur l'evolution a long terme de cette forme de travail peripherique et ses ramifications aupres des femmes, de la jeunesse et des travailleurs du troisieme age. En dernier lieu, nous aborderons les defis que doivent relever les syndicats et determinerons ou nous en sommes concernant l'insecurite des travailleurs et la precarite du travail.     

Potential surrogate endpoints in cancer research – some considerations and examples

We present an introductory survey of the use of surrogates in cancer research, in particular in clinical trials. The concept of a surrogate endpoint is introduced and contrasted with that of a biomarker. It is emphasized that a surrogate endpoint is not universal for an indication but will depend on the mechanism of treatment. We discuss the measures of validity of a surrogate and give examples of both cancer surrogates and biomarkers on the path to surrogacy. Circumstances in which a surrogate endpoint may actually be preferred to the clinical endpoint are described. We provide pointers to the recent substantive literature on surrogates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Salience of a Career Calling Among College Students: Exploring Group Differences and Links to Religiousness,Life Meaning,and Life Satisfaction

The authors examined the degree to which 1st‐year college students endorse a career calling and how levels of calling differ across demographic variables and religiousness, life meaning, and life satisfaction. Forty‐four percent of students believed that having a career calling was mostly or totally true of them, and 28% responded to searching for a calling in the same fashion. Students seeking advanced professional degrees were more likely to feel a career calling, and the presence of a calling was found to weakly correlate with religiousness and life satisfaction and moderately correlate with life meaning. Practice implications are suggested.     

MS,exercise, and the potential for older adults

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. The average onset of the disease is 30 years of age, and it afflicts women more often than men (ratio of approximately 2:1). The symptoms of the disease include fatigue, motor weakness, heat sensitivity, reduced mobility, abnormal gait mechanics, and poor balance. These symptoms decrease cognitive and physical functional capacity of an individual and tend to result in sedentary lifestyle behaviors. A sedentary lifestyle among individuals with MS increases the risk of secondary diseases such as coronary heart disease and obesity, particularly as one ages. The effect of exercise in treating symptoms of MS has been under explored, perhaps due to the fact that exercise was thought to magnify MS-related fatigue and other symptoms. Recent research has challenged this notion, advocating exercise as an effective therapy for the management of MS, as well as maintaining overall fitness and improving quality-of-life measures. While the research shows clear benefits, the barriers to exercise participation among MS patients are significant. Recommendations for various forms of exercise are provided, along with strategies for overcoming barriers to participation.     

Anti-homosexual prejudice . . . as opposed to what? Queer theory and the social psychology of anti-homosexual attitudes

This article uses Sedgwick's distinction between minoritizing and universalizing theories of sexuality to analyze variability in social psychologists' studies of anti-homosexual prejudice, focusing on studies of attitudes. Anti-homosexual prejudice was initially defined in conversation with gay liberationists and presumed, among other things, that fear of homoerotic potential was present in all persons. Later social psychologists theorized anti-homosexual prejudice in strict minoritizing terms: as prejudice towards a distinct out-group. In the first section of this paper we discuss corresponding shifts in the conceptualization of anti-homosexual attitudes. Next, using a universalizing framework, we re-interpret experiments on behavioral aspects of anti-homosexual attitudes which were originally conceptualized using a minoritizing framework, and suggest avenues for future research. Finally, we examine how queer theory might enrich this area of social psychological inquiry by challenging assumptions about the politics of doing scientific work and the utility of identity-based sexual politics.