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101.
Blanca L. Delgado-Márquez Victoriano Ramírez-González Adolfo López-Carmona 《Social indicators research》2014,116(2):475-492
Gender equality constitutes a crucial objective for a successful societal development. Although research has found that the differences are shrinking, parliamentary composition is not gender balanced in most areas of the world. Henceforth, recent literature has undertaken important efforts aimed at developing different initiatives to promote parity in democratic parliaments, especially through the use of quota systems. Prior initiatives, although leading to an improvement of gender parity, do not manage to ensure an optimal gender-egalitarian parliamentary composition. Thus, this paper presents a method to organize closed and blocked lists of candidates that guarantees the achievement of gender-balanced representation in parliamentary elections. Specifically, parity is sought globally, in each party and also in each electoral constituency. Furthermore, the method is applied to the elections held over the last two decades in Finland. Results reveal that parity in gender representation increases at global, party, and constituency levels throughout all the parliamentary elections in Finland, even approaching optimal numerical parity (i.e. 50 % for each gender) in most of the cases. 相似文献
102.
When a risk is exchanged, the exact value for the minimum price (positive or negative) that the purchaser (investor, or insurer) is willing to pay is given by the certainty equivalent wealth level, which in turn depends on his specific utility function. When this utility function is unknown, then only a sufficient condition on the price can ever be found. This paper provides methods for calculating such a sufficient condition, when only limited information on the utility function is known. 相似文献
103.
This paper presents an axiomatic characterization of the Owen set of transportation games. In the characterization we use six properties including consistency (CONS2) and splitting and merging (SM) which are firstly proposed and defined for this setup in the present paper. 相似文献
104.
Isabel Albuquerque Margarida Pedroso de Lima Marcela Matos Cláudia Figueiredo 《Social indicators research》2012,105(3):447-460
The relation between personality and subjective well-being (SWB) remains involved in a considerable ambiguity and the numerous
studies conducted have neglected an approach at a more detailed level of analysis. This study explores the idea that neuroticism,
extraversion and conscientiousness facets predict differentially each SWB component. A battery of self-report questionnaires
was used to assess personality and SWB in 398 teachers of primary and high schools. Findings of a cross-sectional study showed
that neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness facets contributed to significantly explain the variance in positive
affect, negative affect and life satisfaction. Moreover, these facets predicted differentially each of the three SWB components.
At same time, this study corroborates two important premises: the specificity of facets as discrete traits and the independence
of the three SWB components. 相似文献
105.
Pablo Fernández Christlieb 《Revista de Psicología Social》2013,28(2):161-177
ResumenEl presente trabajo estudia la influencia de la «discusión grupal» sobre los estados afectivos inducidos. Se esperaba que, después de inducir estados afectivos (positivo vs negativo vs neutro) mediante la visión de secuencias de películas, el contexto de discusión grupal (positivo vs negativo), acentuara o atenuara el efecto del método de inducción. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño experimental en el que participaron un total de 60 sujetos, y en el que se analizaron las respuestas de cada grupo experimental en una tarea de asociación libre de palabras. Nuestros resultados demuestran que el efecto del contexto grupal es más potente que el de la visión de películas cortas, originando un número significativamente mayor de palabras originales en el primer caso que en el segundo. Estos resultados son analizados a la luz de recientes teorías sobre cognición y afecto. 相似文献
106.
Kun B Balázs H Arnold P Paksi B Demetrovics Z 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(1):27-46
The history of gambling in post-socialist countries is noticeably different from that of other countries in Europe. The goal
of this study was therefore twofold: Firstly, to systematically review all European epidemiological studies related to excessive
gambling in the general adult population, and secondly, to provide an overview of the state of gambling in Hungary based on
the first ever nationwide representative survey, setting the results against the backdrop of the earlier European studies.
A systematic review was carried out of European gambling studies which focus on a representative adult general population.
Hungarian data was obtained from the National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary general adult population survey (N = 2,710). Pathological gambling was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Lifetime prevalence of excessive gambling
(problem and pathological gambling) in the general adult population of European countries varies between 1.1% (Italy and Spain)
and 6.5% (Estonia). In Hungary, the prevalence of problem gambling is 1.9%, with pathological gambling at 1.4%. The socio-demographic
characteristics of the results are similar to those of other European countries. Using epidemiological data from the general
adult populations of two post-socialist nations, it was possible to compare the results with data from 12 other European countries.
Based on the data available, the extremely rapid liberation of the gambling market in the post-socialist countries has led
to a similarly swift escalation in associated gambling problems. 相似文献
107.
108.
An appropriate alignment between business strategy, manufacturing strategic objectives and manufacturing capabilities reportedly influences business performance positively. However, few papers empirically analyse this proposition for the case of Porter's generic strategies of cost leadership and differentiation, and none jointly considers all four elements. This paper integrates strategies, capabilities and performance in a single model and proposes that both manufacturing competitive priorities and capabilities, articulated in terms of cost and flexibility, are essential for explaining the link between generic business strategies and business commercial and financial performance. Within this analytic framework, we test whether companies that emphasize one business strategy rather than another achieve a better alignment and superior performance. The analyses conducted with a sample of 148 Spanish manufacturers provide general support for these propositions and contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by functional strategies in understanding the outcomes of business strategy. 相似文献
109.
110.
J.M. Muñoz Pichardo J. Muñoz García J.M. Fernández Ponce M.D. Jiménez Garnero 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(3):529-547
In this paper we obtain several influence measures for the multivariate linear general model through the approach proposed by Muñoz-Pichardo et al. (1995), which is based on the concept of conditional bias. An interesting charasteristic of this approach is that it does not require any distributional hypothesis. Appling the obtained results to the multivariate regression model, we obtain some measures proposed by other authors. Nevertheless, on the results obtained in this paper, we emphasize two aspects. First, they provide a theoretical foundation for measures proposed by other authors for the mul¬tivariate regression model. Second, they can be applied to any linear model that can be formulated as a particular case of the multivariate linear general model. In particular, we carry out an application to the multivariate analysis of covariance. 相似文献