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241.
In this paper, we analyze the ethical issues of using honesty and integrity tests in employment screening. Our focus will be on the United States context: legal requirements related to applicant privacy differ in other countries, but we posit that our proposed balancing test is broadly applicable. We start by discussing why companies have ethical and legal obligations, based on a stakeholder analysis, to assess the integrity of potential employees. We then move to a consideration of how companies currently use background checks as a pre‐employment screening tool, noting their limitations. We then take up honesty and integrity testing, focusing particularly on the problems of false positives and due process. We offer a balancing test for the use of honesty and integrity testing that takes in three factors: (1) the potential harm posed by a dishonest employee in a particular job, (2) the linkage between the test and the assessment process, and (3) the accuracy and validity of the honesty and integrity test. We conclude with implications for practice and future research. 相似文献
242.
Zhixiang Chen Richard H. Fowler Bin Fu Binhai Zhu 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,15(2):201-221
In this paper we present two main results about the inapproximability of the exemplar conserved interval distance problem
of genomes. First, we prove that it is NP-complete to decide whether the exemplar conserved interval distance between any
two genomes is zero or not. This result implies that the exemplar conserved interval distance problem does not admit any approximation
in polynomial time, unless P=NP. In fact, this result holds, even when every gene appears in each of the given genomes at most three times. Second, we strengthen
the first result under a weaker definition of approximation, called weak approximation. We show that the exemplar conserved
interval distance problem does not admit any weak approximation within a super-linear factor of
, where m is the maximal length of the given genomes. We also investigate polynomial time algorithms for solving the exemplar conserved
interval distance problem when certain constrains are given. We prove that the zero exemplar conserved interval distance problem
of two genomes is decidable in polynomial time when one genome is O(log n)-spanned. We also prove that one can solve the constant-sized exemplar conserved interval distance problem in polynomial
time, provided that one genome is trivial. 相似文献
243.
Deposits held at Federal Reserve Banks are an essential input to the business activity of most depository institutions in the United States. Managing these deposits is an important and complex inventory problem for two reasons. First, Federal Reserve regulations require that depository institutions hold certain amounts of such deposits at the Federal Reserve Banks to satisfy statutory reserve requirements against customers' transaction accounts (demand deposits and other checkable deposits). Second, some inventory of such deposits is essential for banks to operate one of their core lines of business: furnishing payment services to households and firms. Because the Federal Reserve does not pay interest on such deposits used to satisfy statutory reserve requirements, banks seek to minimize their inventory of such deposits. In 1994, the banking industry introduced a new inventory management tool for such deposits, the retail deposit sweep program, which avoids the statutory requirement by reclassifying transaction deposits as savings deposits. This is an interesting inventory problem for fungible items, where the conversion process is reversible. We examine two methods for operating such sweeps programs within the limits of Federal Reserve regulations, and we develop a stochastic dynamic programming model to implement one such method, the threshold method. 相似文献
244.
Richard Rosenberg 《Long Range Planning》1980,13(5):65-69
The topic of branch banking in the United States in the year 2000 is obviously one that has been in the minds of California bankers for some time because California is the largest state in the United States to permit virtually unlimited statewide branch banking. It is a topic that must also be in the minds of a large number of European and Asian bankers as well because several non-U.S. banking systems have already established large branch networks in the United States. It is a difficult topic because no one knows precisely what will be the status of branch banking in the year 1990, let alone the year 2000. This article makes some predictions. 相似文献
245.
Derrick Purdue Jörg Dürrschmidt Peter Jowers Richard O'Doherty 《The Sociological review》1997,45(4):645-667
The wave of DIY culture and environmental innovation sweeping through the UK is not restricted to isolated sites of high profile protest, such as the Newbury bypass. Based on fieldwork in the South West of England, consisting of in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus groups and a postal survey, we argue that networks such as those around festivals, LETS and organic food box schemes contribute to green milieux, which encourage ecological and cultural innovation of everyday life. We suggest that this creative social and ecological margin may be viewed as extended milieux combining global and local aspects. Local social relations and identities are reconfigured in new reflexive ways that utilize, criticise and even contribute to globalization, while developing new senses of locality and community. 相似文献
246.
247.
248.
Richard Berk 《Race and social problems》2009,1(4):231-242
This paper addresses the role of race in forecasts of failure on probation or parole. Failure is defined as committing a homicide
or attempted homicide or being the victim of a homicide or an attempted homicide. These are very rare events in the population
of individuals studied, which can make these outcomes extremely difficult to forecast accurately. Building in the relative
costs of false positives and false negatives, machine learning procedures are applied to construct useful forecasts. The central
question addressed is what role race should play as a predictor when as an empirical matter the majority of perpetrators and victims are young, African American, males. 相似文献
249.
250.
Raegen T. MILLER Richard J. MURNANE John B. WILLETT 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2008,147(1):71-89
This article studies the impact of teacher absences on education. Using data spanning three academic years about 285 teachers and 8,631 predominantly economically disadvantaged students from a United States urban school district, it tests assumptions that a substantial portion of teachers' absences is discretionary and that these absences reduce productivity – students' mathematics scores. Since absent teachers are typically replaced by less qualified substitutes, instructional intensity and consistency may decline: ten days of teacher absence reduce students' achievement score by about 3.3 per cent of a standard deviation – enough to lower some students' designation in the state proficiency system and, thus, their motivation to succeed. 相似文献