Fertility and nuptiality changes in Spain from the late 18th to the early 20th century

Abstract 3.1. A regional approach often reveals features of population trends not evident in national data. We have already pointed out that the 1768 census followed the ecclesiastical sub-divisions of the country; therefore its territorial data are not comparable with those derived from later enumerations. The 1787 and 1797 censuses, on the other hand, were based on civil sub-divisions, which can be compared, when aggregated, with later censuses of the modern statistical era.     

Testing the Parent–Adolescent Acculturation Discrepancy Hypothesis: A Five‐Wave Longitudinal Study

This 2½‐year, 5‐wave longitudinal study tests the hypothesis that acculturation discrepancies between Hispanic immigrant parents and adolescents would lead to compromised family functioning, which would then lead to problematic adolescent outcomes. Recent‐immigrant Hispanic parent–adolescent dyads (N = 302) completed measures of acculturation and family functioning. Adolescents completed measures of positive youth development, depressive symptoms, problem behavior, and substance use. Results indicated that Time 1 discrepancies in Hispanic culture retention, and linear trajectories in some of these discrepancies, negatively predicted adolescent positive youth development, and positively predicted adolescent depressive symptoms and binge drinking, indirectly through adolescent‐reported family functioning. The vast majority of effects were mediated rather than direct, supporting the acculturation discrepancy hypothesis. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.     

Development of Sexual Expectancies among Adolescents: Contributions by Parents,Peers and the Media

To expand the scant research on sexual expectancies development among non–sexually active adolescents, we examined the relationship between adolescents' exposure to four socializing agents—mother/female guardian, father/male guardian, peers, and television programs with high sexual content—and their endorsement of four sexual expectancies: social benefit, pleasure, social risk, and health risk. Data are from Waves 2 and 3 of a three-wave annual longitudinal study conducted among California adolescents, the majority of whom were not sexually active (N = 914, 84%). Structural equation models were conducted to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the socializing agents and the sexual expectancies. Cross-sectional results indicate associations between peer sexual communication and social benefit, pleasure, and social risk expectancies. A positive association was found between exposure to music videos and social benefit expectancies, and a negative association was found between exposure to music videos and health risk expectancies. Longitudinal results suggest that communication with peers positively predicted pleasure expectancies and negatively predicted social risk expectancies. No other socializing agents were associated with any sexual expectancies. An invariance test found that significant correlations were similar across the different age groups. Results suggest that efforts to support positive sexual decision making among non–sexually active adolescents should target peer sexual communication.     

REGULATION, THE OPEC OIL SUPPLY SHOCK, AND WEALTH EFFECTS FOR ELECTRIC UTILITIES

A popular view among specialists in electric utility economics is that the regulatory process exacerbated the negative effects of the OPEC's oil price increases during the 1970s. In contrast, Peltzman's theory of regulation suggests that regulators should "buffer" a firm from cost increases. This paper examines these contending propositions by examining the stock returns for a sample of electric utilities during the OPEC oil shock of October 1973. The data are more consistent with a buffering effect than a regulatory lag.     

Developmental Typologies of Identity Formation and Adjustment in Female Emerging Adults: A Latent Class Growth Analysis Approach

The developmental interplay between identity and adjustment was examined in a seven‐wave longitudinal study of 428 European female college students (M_age=18.8 years) over a period of 3 years, with semi‐annual measurement waves each year. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to identify developmental typologies of both identity formation (i.e., dimensions of commitment and exploration) and adjustment (i.e., depressive symptoms and self‐esteem). Four trajectory classes emerged for identity, three of which had been suggested earlier in the literature ( Josselson, 1996 ): Pathmakers, Guardians, and Searchers. The fourth trajectory class was labeled Consolidators and consisted of individuals characterized by a strong focus on strengthening their current identity commitments, at the expense of a thorough exploration of alternative options. Three trajectory classes were identified for adjustment: Optimal Adjustment, Moderate Adjustment, and Stable Maladjustment. Each of the four identity trajectory classes was associated with a specific profile of adjustment, with the Searchers showing the poorest profile and the Pathmakers and Consolidators the most positive profile. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are outlined.     

A New Family of BAN Estimators for Polytomous Logistic Regression Models based on ϕ- Divergence Measures

In this paper we study polytomous logistic regression model and the asymptotic properties of the minimum ϕ-divergence estimators for this model. A simulation study is conducted to analyze the behavior of these estimators as function of the power-divergence measure ϕ_(λ) Research partially done when was visiting the Bowling Green State University as the Distinguished Lukacs Professor     

Tests of Symmetry in Three-dimensional Contingency Tables Based on Phi-divergence Statistics

In this paper we introduce a family of test statistics for testing complete symmetry in three-dimensional contingency tables based on phi- divergence families. These test statistics yield the likelihood ratio test and the Pearson test statistics as special cases. Asymptotic distribution for the new test statistics are derived under both the null and the alternative hypotheses. A simulation study is presented to show that some new statistics offer an attractive alternative to the classical Pearson and likelihood ratio test statistics for this problem of complete symmetry.     

Tests for Bivariate Symmetry Against Ordered Alternatives in Square Contingency Tables

Let X and Y denote two ordinal response variables, each having I levels. When subjects are classified on both variables, there are I 2 possible combinations of classifications. Let pij = Pr (X = i, Y = j) . This paper introduces a family of tests based on φ –divergence measures for testing H₀: pij = pji against H1: pij ≥ pji (I≥ j) ; and for testing H1 against H2: pij unrestricted. A simulation study assesses some of the family of tests introduced in this paper in comparison to the likelihood ratio test.     

Indicators of information and communication technology adoption in the nonprofit sector: Changes between 2000 and 2004

With the knowledge that information and communication technology (ICT) has brought about significant changes in the structure and functioning of businesses, this research provides information about the changes that have occurred in ICT adoption in nonprofit organizations between 2000 and 2004. Using archival data, it specifically investigates various indicators of ICT adoption and adoption readiness factors. Results illustrate that nonprofit organizations are beginning to position themselves to take advantage of the opportunities provided by ICT adoption.