Guilty or not? A path model of women's sexual force fantasies

This study estimated a path model of women's forceful sexual fantasies. Constructs examined were childhood sexual abuse, feminist beliefs, sexual guilt, erotophilia, and sexual experience. The study clarifies how these factors mediate one another in relationship to forceful sexual fantasies, and is first to examine the effects of feminist beliefs on forceful sexual fantasy. Adult women (N = 261) participated by completing an online survey. A path from sex guilt to forceful sexual fantasy, mediated by erotophilia, was found, wherein low levels of sex guilt and high levels of erotophilia were found to predict forceful sexual fantasy. A direct path between childhood sexual abuse and forceful sexual fantasy was also found. The resulting model is discussed in relation to previously-proposed theories on the role of force in women's sexual fantasies.     

A bivariate normal example where the locally most powerful and distantly most powerful test statistics are beaten everywhere from a median p-value standpoint

In the bivariate normal, n=2 case, when testing H₀:μ_x=μ_y=0,σ² _x=σ² _y=1, ρ=0 vs. H₁:μ_x=μ_y=0,σ² _x=σ² _y=1, 0<ρ<1, it is shown that the median p-values given by the locally most powerful test and the distantly most powerful test are both beaten everywhere by the median of a third test.     

The collected works of john w. tukey

We describe novel, analytical, data-analysis, and Monte-Carlo-simulation studies of strongly heteroscedastic data of both small and wide range.Many different types of heteroscedasticity and fixed or variable weighting are incorporated through error-variance models.Attention is given to parameter bias determinations, evaluations of their significances, and to new ways to correct for bias.The error-variance models allow for both additive and independent power-law errors, and the power exponent is shown to be able to be well determined for typical physicalsciences data by the rapidly-converging, general-purpose, extended-least-squares program we use.The fitting and error-variance models are applied to both low-and high-heteroscedasticity situations, including single-response data from radioactive decay.Monte-Carlo simulations of data with similar parameters are used to evaluate the analytical models developed and the various minimization methods em-ployed, such as extended and generalized least squares.Logarithmic and inversion transformations are investigated in detail, and it is shown analytically and by simulations that exponential data with constant percentage errors can be logarithmically transformed to allow a simple parameter-bias-removal procedure.A more-general bias-reduction approach combining direct and inversion fitting is also developed.Distributions of fitting-model and error-variance-model parameters are shown to be typically non-normal, thus invalidating the usual estimates of parameter bias and precision.Errors in conventional confidence-interval estimates are quantified by comparison with accurate simulation results.     

A Comparison of Large-Sample Confidence Interval Methods for the Difference of Two Binomial Probabilities

A simulation study was done to compare seven confidence interval methods, based on the normal approximation, for the difference of two binomial probabilities. Cases considered included minimum expected cell sizes ranging from 2 to 15 and smallest group sizes (NMIN) ranging from 6 to 100. Our recommendation is to use a continuity correction of 1/(2 NMIN) combined with the use of (N ? 1) rather than N in the estimate of the standard error. For all of the cases considered with minimum expected cell size of at least 3, this method gave coverage probabilities close to or greater than the nominal 90% and 95%. The Yates method is also acceptable, but it is slightly more conservative. At the other extreme, the usual method (with no continuity correction) does not provide adequate coverage even at the larger sample sizes. For the 99% intervals, our recommended method and the Yates correction performed equally well and are reasonable for minimum expected cell sizes of at least 5. None of the methods performed consistently well for a minimum expected cell size of 2.     

数字资本主义在数字健康领域对公共利益价值内涵的重构

近年来,所有主要的大型消费科技公司都进入了健康研究领域。这种谷歌式数字健康引出一个问题,即在研究中,公共利益如何得以维系?只有将谷歌式数字健康置于数字资本主义的政治经济中,才能更好地突出公共利益和公共价值问题。以往的研究通常把谷歌式数字健康框定在一个双重的、不可通约的分析逻辑中,其中：私人利益与公共利益是对立的,经济价值与社会价值是对立的。虽然有助于揭示数字资本主义的剥削潜力,但是这种分析逻辑是有缺陷的,因为它只承认关于公共利益的一种理解。通过借鉴博尔坦斯基和泰弗诺的价值理论分析框架,可以发现：谷歌式数字健康对公共利益的价值内涵进行了多重塑造,不仅包括公民价值(为社会做好事),还包括市场价值(创造更多财富)、工业价值(提高生产效率)和项目价值(创新和实验)以及活力价值(促进生命健康)。如果把治理方案看作是一系列价值准则的组合,那么就可以设计出实现和保障公共利益的治理方案。基于此,提出研究进路：探索和构建更丰富的体现公共利益的价值准则体系,对其进行批判性评估,最终制定出能确保“公民”价值的可行治理方案。     

Disabled or differently-enabled? Dyslexic identities in online forum postings

This study presents a novel exploration into how people with dyslexia construct personal identities within anonymous, unsolicited, postings to an online discussion forum. An interpretational phenomenological analysis suggested three key identities: learning-disabled, differently-enabled and societally-disabled. These are discussed in terms of the extent to which they draw differentially on a discourse of disability as opposed to one of individual difference. The identities are to an extent malleable and overlapping according to context. Postings suggested overall that while some contributors constructed themselves as differently-enabled and celebrated dyslexia-related abilities, others sensed themselves having a disabled identity imposed upon them. Dyslexia is perceived as negatively construed within a society which promotes literacy and cognitive acuity as essential aspects of educational and social competence and where learning differences are poorly tolerated. In addition, this study highlights the potential of online forum contributions in the study of social influences in under-researched groups.     

The nation's drug problem is commercial recreational pharmacology

Overdose deaths, overprescribing of opioids, illicit production of fentanyl, a resurgence of methamphetamine and cocaine, and an epidemic of vaping‐related illnesses and substance use disorders cover the nation's headlines today, as they have for years. These problems are manifestations of commercial recreational pharmacology, the personally controlled use of psychoactive drugs that super‐stimulate brain reward for pleasure. While substance use and addiction have been known throughout history, the recent increasingly greater acceptance of commercial recreational pharmacology in the United States is exacting a toll on the public health of the nation. The most dramatic example is a decline in U.S. life expectancy, which fell three years in a row from 2016–2018 as a result of overdose deaths.     

National Politics,Neighborly Politics: How Trump’s Election Impacted a Black and White Detroit Community

Most research on right-wing populism has tried to explain the rise of populist movements and parties. While some have studied how neighborhood contexts and histories shape voting patterns, few have examined what happens locally after votes are cast. This article draws on three years of ethnographic research while the author lived in Brightmoor, a majority black, minority white poor depopulated Detroit neighborhood, to show how Trump’s politics shaped local expressions and experiences of racism. First, I show how white Trump supporters expressed distinct approaches to xenophobic ethnonationalism and racial politics. Trump’s surge empowered many to broadcast anti-immigrant sentiments, while they continued to put interactional and discursive work into not being seen as racist. Many also applied a “Trump lens” to local interactions and geographies and rendered minorities salient under Trump politics hypervisible. Second, I show how black residents equated xenophobic ethnonationalism with antiblack racism: seeing through pro-Trump whites’ attempts to separate these. Some also applied a new “Trump lens” to interactions and geographies, using the category of Trump voter and a sense of the voting map to anticipate and make sense of racist interactions. This article offers new insights into the local impacts of a national surge in right-wing populism.