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921.
This research examines land use change in Israel––an intriguing but understudied setting with regard to population–environment
dynamics. While Israel is fairly unique with regard to its combined high levels of economic prosperity and high population growth, this case study has relevance for developed countries and regions (like the south and southwest regions
of the USA) which must balance population growth and urban development with open space conservation for ecosystem services
and biological diversity. The population–land development relationship is investigated during the period from 1961 to 1995
at three spatial scales: national, regional (six districts), and local (40 localities). There is a positive correlation between
population growth and land development rates at the national scale, and while remaining positive, the strength of the relationship
varies greatly at regional and local scales. The variation in population–land use dynamics across scales is used to garner
insight as to the importance of geography, policy and historical settlement patterns. 相似文献
922.
C.-Y. Cynthia Lin 《Population and environment》2010,31(4):255-281
This article examines whether natural disasters affect fertility—a topic little explored but of policy importance given relevance
to policies regarding disaster insurance, foreign aid, and the environment. The identification strategy uses historic regional
data to exploit natural variation within each of two countries: one European country—Italy (1820–1962), and one Asian country—Japan
(1671–1965). The choice of study settings allows consideration of Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1981) theory that preindustrial differences in income and population between Asia and Europe resulted from the
fertility response to different environmental risk profiles. According to the results, short-run instability, particularly
that arising from the natural environment, appears to be associated with a decrease in fertility—thereby suggesting that environmental
shocks and economic volatility are associated with a decrease in investment in the population size of future generations.
The results also show that, contrary to Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981) theory,
differences in fertility between Italy and Japan cannot be explained away by disaster proneness alone. Research on the effects
of natural disasters may enable social scientists and environmentalists alike to better predict the potential effects of the
increase in natural disasters that may result from global climate change. 相似文献
923.
Many faculty members consider using case studies but not all end up using them. We provide a brief review of what cases are
intended to do and identify three ways in which they can be used. We then use an example to illustrate how we have used the
case study method in teaching business demography. Among other benefits, we note that the case studies method not only encourages
the acquisition of skills by students, but can be used to promote “deep structure learning,” an approach naturally accommodates
other features associated with the case studies method—the development of critical thinking skills, the use of real world
problems, the emphasis of concepts over mechanics, writing and presentation skills, active cooperative learning and the “worthwhileness”
of a course. As noted by others, we understand the limitations of the case study method. However, given its strengths, we
believe it has a place in the instructional toolbox for courses in business demography. The fact that courses we teach is
a testament to our perceived efficacy of this tool. 相似文献
924.
The advent of a continuously updated Master Area File (MAF) following the 2000 census represents an information resource that
can be tapped for purposes of developing timely, cost-effective, and precise population estimates for even the smallest of
geographical units (e.g., census blocks). We argue that the MAF can be enhanced (EMAF) for these purposes. In support of our
argument we describe a set of activities needed to develop EMAF, each of which is well within the current capabilities of
the U.S. Census Bureau and discuss various costs and benefits of each. We also describe how EMAF would provide population
estimates containing a wide range of demographic (e.g., age, race, and sex) and socio-economic characteristics (e.g., educational
attainment, income, and employment). As such, it could largely negate and eliminate the need for many of the traditional demographic
methods of population estimation and possibly reduce the number of sample surveys. We identify important challenges that must
be surmounted in order to realize EMAF and make suggestions for doing so. We conclude by noting that the idea of the EMAF
could be of interest to other countries with MAF files and strong administrative records systems that, like the United States,
are facing the challenge of producing good population information in the face of increasing census costs. 相似文献
925.
Hui-Peng Liew 《Population research and policy review》2010,29(5):639-658
Using the 2000 wave of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to further complement studies that seek
to analyze the relationship between migration and prenatal care utilization in Indonesia. The major conclusion from the multilevel
logistic regression suggests that migrants are less likely than non-migrants to seek prenatal care in a public or private
hospital but are more likely than non-migrants to initiate prenatal care in their first trimester and to receive four or more
prenatal visits. Several measures of child, woman, household and community characteristics are also significant predictors
of the location, timing and frequency of prenatal care. It is evident that the design of effective and efficient policies
requires a more comprehensive knowledge of the determinants of migration and maternal healthcare services utilization. The
assessment of whether the extent of the location, timing and frequency of prenatal care differs between migrants and non-migrants
would have important policy implications for both individuals and society at large. 相似文献
926.
With data drawn from the second public release version of the “Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe” (SHARE),
we scrutinize individual and contextual (regional) correlates of economic difficulties among older Europeans, aged 65 or more.
A logistic multi-level regression model with random intercept shows that the risk of being relatively poor varies considerably
among the aged. We verified that the factors affecting poverty in each area are not merely the weighted sum of the effect
of the more disadvantaged people within the same area, which also exists: poverty appears also significantly influenced by
the specific context of residence. 相似文献
927.
Research on Eastern Europe stresses the weakness of its civil society and the lack of political and social involvement, neglecting the question: What do people themselves think it means to be a good citizen? This study looks at citizens’ definitions of good citizenship in Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary, using 2002 European Social Survey data. We investigate mean levels of civic mindedness in these countries and perform regression analyses to investigate whether factors traditionally associated with civic and political participation are also correlated with citizenship norms across Eastern Europe. We show that mean levels of civic mindedness differ significantly across the four Eastern European countries. We find some support for theories on civic and political participation when explaining norms of citizenship, but also demonstrate that individual-level characteristics are differently related to citizenship norms across the countries of our study. Hence, our findings show that Eastern Europe is not a monolithic and homogeneous bloc, underscoring the importance of taking the specificities of countries into account. 相似文献
928.
This article uses dyadic latent panel analysis (DLPA) to examine environmental influences on well-being. DLPA requires longitudinal
dyadic data. It decomposes the observed variance of both members of a dyad into a trait, state, and an error component. Furthermore,
state variance is decomposed into initial and new state variance. Total observed similarity between members of a dyad is decomposed
into trait similarity, initial state similarity, new state similarity, and error similarity. Dyadic similarity in new state
variance reveals that both members of a dyad change in the same direction, which is a strong indication of environmental effects.
DLPA is used to examine environmental influences on life satisfaction and domain satisfaction based on 22 annual assessments
of married couples in the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (N’s = 607–740). The results show high similarity in new state variance for life satisfaction and objectively identical domains
(household income, housing), and less similarity for objectively less similar domains (recreation, health). This finding provides
strong evidence for environmental influences on well-being. In addition, the results show high trait similarity. The implications
of the latter finding for interpretation of behavioral genetics studies of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
929.
Despite the fact that rural education has always been one of the most important means of rural development, it has been ignored
in many developing countries, with the result that rural development has not achieved great success. The problems of education
in rural areas are not only related to the amount the country spends on education or to the system of education. The socio-economic
condition of the individuals living in these areas and the form of rural education also play an important part. The present
study deals with the socio-economic factors that influence the education level which is achieved. The assessments in the study
are based on data gathered in a survey of 386 households carried out in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The work consists of
three parts: the state of education in rural areas; the factors adversely affecting an individual’s decision to continue at
school; and the employment situation of individuals who did not continue their education. In the results section, some suggestions
have been made regarding the provision of employment opportunities to individuals who have not completed their education and
who have had no job training. 相似文献
930.
While a growing literature demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on citizens’ quality of life, scholars have
paid comparatively little attention to the role political organizations such as labor unions play in this regard. We examine
labor organization as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a sample of advanced industrial
polities. Our findings strongly suggest that unions increase the life satisfaction of citizens, and that that this effect
holds for non-union members as well. Moreover, we also find that labor organization has the strongest impact on the subjective
well-being of citizens with lower incomes. We confirm these hypotheses using both individual and aggregate-level data from
fourteen nations. We show these relationships to have an independent and separable impact from other economic, political,
and cultural determinants. The implications for the study of life satisfaction and of labor unions as political actors in
general are discussed. 相似文献