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951.
952.
Helen Rose Ebaugh Janet S. Chafetz Paula F. Pipes 《Nonprofit management & leadership》2007,18(2):175-191
Based on the first national survey of faith‐based social service coalitions in the United States, this article presents data on the degree to which these nonprofit organizations collaborate with other specific organizational types, as well as the range and intensity of these collaborations. In general, faith‐based coalitions tend to collaborate most frequently with other faith‐based agencies, a pattern especially characteristic of the more religiously expressive ones. However, collaboration with non‐faith‐based organizations is also quite common. Based on seven organizational characteristics, we are able to predict which faith‐based coalitions are most likely to collaborate with different types of organizations: coalitions that have more explicitly religious policies and practices with reference to clients and staffs are less likely to participate in intense collaborations with some types of secular organizations, and consistently less likely to do so with all types of governmental agencies. 相似文献
953.
Textbook analysis tells us that in a competitive labor market, the introduction of a minimum wage above the competitive equilibrium
wage will cause unemployment. This paper makes three contributions to the basic theory of the minimum wage. First, we analyze
the effects of a higher minimum wage in terms of poverty rather than in terms of unemployment. Second, we extend the standard
textbook model to allow for income-sharing between employed and unemployed persons in society. Third, we extend the basic
model to deal with income sharing within families. We find that there are situations in which a higher minimum wage raises poverty, others where it reduces poverty, and yet others in which poverty is unchanged. We characterize precisely how the poverty effect depends on four parameters: the degree of poverty aversion, the elasticity
of labor demand, the ratio of the minimum wage to the poverty line, and the extent of income-sharing. Thus, shifting the perspective
from unemployment to poverty leads to a considerable enrichment of the theory of the minimum wage.
相似文献
954.
955.
956.
The energy and mass balance of Los Angeles County 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We conducted an urban “metabolic” study of inputs and outputs of food, water, energy, and pollutants from Los Angeles County,
USA. This region has been the subject of recent debate about the nature of population density and distribution as it relates
to urban form and associated environmental impacts. We found that with the exception of food imports and wastewater outputs,
inputs of resources and outputs of pollutants generally declined on a per capita basis from 1990 to 2000. Reductions likely
reflected a combination of changes in public policy, improvements in technology and public infrastructure, and impacts of
increases in population density. However, in comparison to other municipalities and urban regions, resource consumption per
capita was still relatively high in some categories, particularly inputs of water and transportation energy. Per capita greenhouse
gas emissions were lower in Los Angeles County than for the average of the USA as a whole but higher than previous analyses
of urban areas internationally, largely due to comparatively high emissions from the transportation sector. Wastewater discharge
accounted for less than 40% of water inputs excluding precipitation; however the partitioning of water outputs through other
potential losses, specifically evapotranspiration, runoff, and groundwater recharge, remains highly uncertain. We suggest
that more detailed information about water losses will greatly improve future mass and energy accounting for analyses of urban
environmental sustainability in this semi-arid region. 相似文献
957.
United Methodist Family Services of Virginia placed 41 developmentally disabled children in adoptive homes between August 1985 and June 1988, representing a range of chronic emotional, intellectual, and physical disabilities. This article describes the need for specialized adoption programs for children with developmental disabilities and the methods used in placing these children. The obstacles to adoption of children with developmental disabilities are also discussed. 相似文献
958.
Barbara S. Held 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1990,16(2):179-186
As discussions about so-called 'epistemology' have receded within family therapy, discussions about te doctrine of constructivism have emerged to carry on the underlying impulse of those earlier discussions. This article contends that a constructivist epistemology is not a new doctrine in family therapy, but, rather, reflects a shift in emphasis in that discipline from a nontraditional use to the traditional use of the term "epistemology" uses that coexisted during the 'epistemology' debates of the early 1980s and that were the source of many confusions and logical contradictions. The articale also demonstrates how recent articulations of cosnstructivism have resulted in the same logical contradictions tht were committed during the earlier 'epistemology'; debates. The logic and utility of applying constructivism in particular, and epistemological analysis in general, to the practice of psychotherapy are questioned and considered. 相似文献
959.
Michael S. Jamison 《The Sociological quarterly》1985,26(4):473-490
Collectives and bureaucracies differ not only in structure and values, but interpret the social world and engage in actions based on quite different themes, symbols, and meanings. These diverse patterns of symbolic discourse, or organizational cultures, are assessed in the case of the recent urban gardening movement. Although government agencies assisted the movement by providing resources to movement collectives and by establishing thousands of urban gardening projects, collectives and bureaucracies had different meanings for what appeared to be the same experience. A comparison of how each described the benefits of urban gardening and structured the gardening experience for participants show serious underlying differences between these organizational cultures and a source of potential bureaucratic/collectivist conflict. Implications for understanding apparent official opposition to collectivist movements are also assessed. 相似文献
960.
Responsibility and management strategies in child sexual abuse: a comparison of child protective workers, nurses, and police officers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S J Kelley 《Child welfare》1990,69(1):43-51
This study identifies the attitudes of professionals toward the attribution of responsibility for sexual abuse and strategies for case management. Several variables, including the victim's gender, social status of the perpetrator, use of physical force, one's professional discipline, and past history of childhood victimization, were found to influence professionals' attitudes. 相似文献