试析《淮南子》中所见的"法"

《淮南子》继承了先秦各家关于“法”的理念,并根据自己的人性论与历史观为“法”注入了新的理解:在法的起源上,主张“法生于义”;在法的功用上,主张“法者,所以禁君使勿擅断也”;在法的局限及其补救上,主张“法必待圣而后治”。     

Empirical likelihood based diagnostics for heteroscedasticity in partially linear errors-in-variables models

A standard assumption in regression analysis is homogeneity of the error variance. Violation of this assumption can have adverse consequences for the efficiency of estimators. In this paper, we propose an empirical likelihood based diagnostic technique for heteroscedasticity in the partially linear errors-in-variables models. Under mild conditions, a nonparametric version of Wilk's theorem is derived. Simulation results reveal that our test performs well in both size and power.     

Social Capital as Exchange: Its Contribution to Morale

A way to clarify the measurement of social capital is the differentiation of its bases on opportunity and exchange. Social capital based on opportunity incorporates organizational participation, network strength, trust, helping and continuing relationships, whereas social capital based on exchange consists of the investment and reciprocation of help. An empirical hint for verifying the social capital measurement is its predictability of morale. Based on survey data from 201 Japanese residents, the study examined various measurements of social capital based on 10 indicators and their prediction of morale. Results revealed that social capital based on exchange was sufficient to contribute to morale, and essentially represented the salutary part of social capital. As social capital based on opportunity had no contribution to morale, a refined measurement of social capital can just concentrate on its basis on exchange.     

Emotional response in a disjunction condition

This study investigated the emotional response in a disjunction condition. Participants were presented with a hypothetical three-condition scenario in which they imagined that they had submitted their application for admission to two universities. In the two conditions of certainty, the participants imagined that they were either accepted by University A or rejected by University A. In the uncertain condition, the participants imagined that they did not know whether they had been accepted or rejected by University A. These three conditions formed a disjunction condition. The results suggested that the participants felt less happy under the uncertain condition than under the two conditions of certainty, regardless of whether the information presentation was non-transparent (Experiment 1A) or transparent (Experiment 1B) and regardless of whether the options in the two conditions of certainty were similar (Experiment 2A) or substantially discrepant (Experiment 2B and Experiment 3). Experiment 3 further demonstrated that, consistent with the hedonic hypothesis, preferential choices (which constitutes a disjunction effect) are based on emotional responses in the disjunction condition. The underlying processes of the emotional response in the disjunction condition and its relation to the literature on risk and uncertainty aversion are discussed.     

Negative impact induced by foreign workers: Evidence in Malaysian construction sector

Though foreign workers served to overcome the labor shortage in the Malaysian construction market, over-dependence on foreign workers and the negative impacts induced have become a serious social problem. The aims of this research are to identify those negative impacts induced by foreign workers in the Malaysian construction market and to determine strategies in minimizing these negative impacts. Data were collected through a structured interview and survey. The questionnaires were delegated to professionals in construction projects who have direct contacts with foreign workers. Only respondents from those companies registered under the CIDB grade G7 were chosen for this survey. There were 117 sets of questionnaires completed and analyzed through the structured interviews. The three principal factors attracting foreign workers to the Malaysian construction market are “Preference of the employers”, “Lifestyle and working conditions”, and “Unattractiveness of the career pathway”. The main negative impacts induced by foreign workers are “Over-dependence on foreign workers”, “Increment in criminal activities or social problems”, and “Existence of illegal workers”. This research proposes that strategies such as “Attract local workers into the construction industry”, “Industrialized Building Systems”, “Eliminate illegal migration”, and “Improve governance structure” would be successful in minimizing negative impacts induced by foreign workers.     

Changes in Parent,Sibling, and Peer Support During the Transition to Young Adulthood

Longitudinal trajectories of parent, sibling, and peer support during the transition to young adulthood were compared among 600 participants (51.1% female) from Asian, European, and Latin American backgrounds. Participants completed questionnaires at 12th grade, 2 and 4 years after high school. Results indicated that parent support increased across this period for participants from European backgrounds but remained stable for participants from Asian and Latin American backgrounds. Peer and sibling support remained relatively stable. Supports had specific implications for self‐esteem and depressive mood. On average, young adults with higher levels of support reported greater expectations to reciprocate support within the family. Together, these findings highlight the changing dynamics of family and friends during the transition to young adulthood.     

Single Parenthood,Parental Involvement and Students’ Educational Outcomes in Hong Kong

Analyzing data from the Programme for International Student Assessment Hong Kong 2009 and 2012 (n = 7,669), we examined the differences in socioeconomic characteristics of fathers and mothers and levels of parental involvement between two-parent, single-mother, and single-father families in Hong Kong. We found that parents from single-mother and single-father families fare differently in terms of sociodemographic background and parental involvement at home. We also investigated the differences in students’ academic performance among these families. Past studies failed to find any significant effect of single parenthood on students’ academic performance in Hong Kong. We found negative effects of single fatherhood, but not single motherhood, on educational outcomes. The disadvantages of single fatherhood are partially explained by the poorer sociodemographic background and lower levels of parental involvement.     

新型城镇化进程中农民工市民化的净成本测度——以中国五大城市群为例

在新型城镇化的时代背景下,本文从农民工市民化实现的动态过程出发,构建了农民工市民化的成本-收益分析框架,测度了京津冀城市群、长三角城市群、珠三角城市群、成渝城市群和长江中游城市群的104个主要城市农民工市民化的净成本。结果表明:(1)农民工市民化进程需要巨额资金,政府和企业存在较大压力;(2)住房成本和土地流转收益是农民工市民化的个人主要成本与收益;(3)二三线城市快速发展将提供农民工市民化的容纳空间;(4)农民工市民化后企业承担的社会保障成本与工资成本不相上下,用工成本提高。在此基础上,得出了相应的政策建议。     

KMV模型在我国上市公司信用风险度量中的适用性研究

KMV模型是运用现代期权定价理论建立起来的违约预测模型。通过实证结果的比较发现,违约距离这一指标运用到我国上市公司信用风险的度量之中具有比较理想的判断效果,这也在某种程度上说明了KMV模型对我国上市公司信用风险度量的准确性及合理性,它能够较好地反应出上市公司真实的信用风险状况。     

关于农村移民子女的初级社会化问题初探--农村移民子女及其家庭情况的初步调查

农村移民子女的初始社会化,决定着他们和他们的家庭在城市持续的生存和发展能力.儿童时期进入城市,是他们开始初始社会化的最佳时期.为此,农村移民家庭作出了不懈的努力,城市教育体制还需进一步改革.帮助农村移民子女完成初始社会化,这不仅对个人、对整个社会的发展都很重要.