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171.
To study changes in household consumption patterns, five socio‐economic household groups were defined using a new multidimensional index (IMPR) composed of three dimensions: satisfaction of basic needs, marginalization relative to a reference population, and total disposable household income. When household incomes rose from 1969 to 1992, lower socio‐economic groups did not display the same consumption behaviours as upper‐income classes. The growth in household income during their life‐cycles did not allow them to catch up to higher‐income households. Middle‐class households experienced marked changes in consumption over their life‐cycle's, but in the 1990s, they experienced difficulties. Cinq groupes socioéconomiques de ménages sont définis à l'aide d'un nouvel indice multidimensionnel de pauvreté‐richesse (IMPR), construit à partir de trois dimensions: satisfaction des besoins de base, marginalisation par rapport à une population de référence et revenu total disponible du ménage. De 1969 à 1992, quand les revenus des ménages augmentent, les classes socioéconomiques qui occupent des positions inférieures n'ont pas les mêmes comporte‐ments de consommation que les classes supérieures. La croissance des revenus des ménages les moins riches au cours de leur cycle de vie ne leur permet pas de rattraper les positions des ménages plus riches. Dans les années 1990, la classe moyenne connaît une situation difficile. 相似文献
172.
Simon Bockmühl Andreas König Albrecht Enders Harald Hungenberg Jonas Puck 《Review of Managerial Science》2011,5(4):265-289
The extant literature highlights numerous different factors influencing the timeliness and intensity of incumbent response
to discontinuous technological change. However, this literature has so far not been synthesized and is therefore limited in
its analytical, predictive, and normative power. We develop a comprehensive model of incumbent response that organizes different
explanatory factors into the three distinct dimensions of (1) identification and interpretation, (2) decision making, and
(3) organizational implementation. We also conceptualize how response intensity and timeliness affect business performance
in new technological domains. We test the model against data from 320 firms from the German dental lab industry, finding substantial
support for the majority of our hypotheses. This study offers unique empirical insight in observing that cognitive constructs
such as framing and management flexibility have the strongest impact on both intensity and timeliness of incumbent response
to technological, and thus, strategic discontinuities. Together, our findings have important implications for both theory
and practice. 相似文献
173.
174.
175.
Government expansion of child care services is based on the assumption that both parents are employed (the adult worker model) and make cost‐benefit calculations in choosing child care (the rational economic choice model). This paper addresses this assumption, based on research examining mothers' assessments of appropriate child care. These assessments involve complex moral and emotional decisions around their own and their children's needs, and differ between social groups. On this basis, we conclude that the assumptions underlying current child care expansion policy are inadequate, and that the mere expansion of services is not enough. 相似文献
176.
177.
In this paper, we provide axiomatic foundations for social choice rules on a domain of convex and comprehensive social choice
problems when agents have cardinal utility functions. We translate the axioms of three well known approaches in bargaining
theory (Nash 1950; Kalai and Smorodinsky 1975; Kalai 1977) to the domain of social choice problems and provide an impossibility
result for each. We then introduce the concept of a reference function which, for each social choice set, selects a point from which relative gains are measured. By restricting the invariance
and comparison axioms so that they only apply to sets with the same reference point, we obtain characterizations of social
choice rules that are natural analogues of the bargaining theory solutions.
Received: 8 August 1994/Accepted: 12 February 1996 相似文献
178.
The lack of comparison groups is a common problem for researchers conducting evaluations of small, specialized programs. When conventional comparison groups are not available, the authors suggest a possible alternative approach which involves: (a) locating a sub-group in a national study for whom relevant variables have been measured; (b) generating a statistical model which predicts the outcome of interest in the national data; and (c) applying the predictive model to program data, in order to estimate outcomes in the absence of progam intervention. The authors illustrate this new application by presenting the results of an analysis of data from Project Talent, a national manpower study, and discuss its application to the evaluation of a medical training program in New York City. 相似文献
179.
Simon JL 《Population index》1995,61(3):353-356
The author comments on a recent article by Eric S. Rothman and Thomas J. Espenshade concerning the fiscal impacts of immigration to the United States. A reply by Espenshade is also included (pp. 354-6). 相似文献
180.
Louise Hamelin Brabant Simon Lapierre Dominique Damant Mélissa Dubé‐Quenum Geneviève Lessard Claudia Fournier 《Children & Society》2016,30(3):241-251
This article describes our qualitative sociological study of immigrant children's life experiences of violence. We conducted interviews with 42 first‐generation immigrant children from any country, aged 9–13 years old, living in the Quebec City region (Canada). Results from three main themes are presented: representations of violence and concrete violent acts experienced; perceived effects of violence on children health and well‐being; and reactions and coping strategies. Overall, the narratives show that they may experience racist peer violence in school that leads to suffering situations, and they consequently have to develop strategies to maintain their well‐being. Social implications are discussed. 相似文献