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191.
Judith Christine Streak Derek Yu Servaas Van der Berg 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):183-201
This paper offers evidence on the sensitivity of child poverty in South Africa to changes in the adult equivalence scale (AES)
and updates the child poverty profile based on the Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/06. Setting the poverty line at the
40th percentile of households calculated with different AESs the scope and composition of child poverty are found to be relatively
insensitive to the scale used. The rankings of children of different ages, girls versus boys, racial groupings and children
living in rural versus urban areas are unaffected by choice of AES, although some provincial rankings on the poverty headcount
measure are. The proportions of children and households ‘correctly’ identified as poor for the full range of scales is extremely high.
These findings support the argument that it may be appropriate for profiling poverty in South Africa to use a poverty line
based on a per capita welfare measure. For the construction of the child poverty profile, per capita income is used as the
welfare indicator with the poverty line set at the 40th percentile of household. The profile suggests that poverty amongst
children is more extensive than amongst the population or adults even after the massive injection of transfers into households
with poor children through the child support grant. The child poverty headcount, depth and severity are all highest amongst
children age 0–4 and lowest amongst those aged 15–17, who are not yet beneficiaries of the grants. They are also highest amongst
African and Coloured children. Large variations across provinces remain. The analysis underlines the importance of prioritising
children in the fight against poverty, particularly in their earliest years. 相似文献
192.
Richard Eckersley 《Social indicators research》2009,94(1):1-12
This article focuses on the contributions and, importantly, the limitations of subjective wellbeing (happiness/satisfaction)
measures as indicators of broad population wellbeing and societal functioning. The popular practice of comparing happiness
among countries gives a skewed view of how well their people are faring. Charting trends over time in happiness and mental
health gives contradictory pictures of population wellbeing; even the responses to different questions within the same survey
can yield very different findings. Asking people about their own lives and about social conditions produces contrasting results.
These issues challenge the orthodox model of human development, which places Western liberal democracies at its leading edge.
According to an alternative, psychosocial-dynamics, model, some, at least, may be societies in decline. Reconciling these
views is no simple matter. 相似文献
193.
The study explores and distinguishes links between parental status (childless persons, parents with residential children,
and empty nest parents) and a range of psychological well-being outcomes in midlife and old age. Data are from the first wave
of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation (NorLAG) study (n = 5,189). We separate outcomes into cognitive (life satisfaction and self-esteem) and affective (positive and negative affect,
depression, loneliness) components. Parental status has a net effect on cognitive well-being among women, as childless women
report significantly lower life satisfaction and self-esteem than both mothers with residential children and empty nest mothers.
However, motherhood is inconsequential for affective well-being. Among men, parental status is unrelated to any of the well-being
aspects. Parental status effects are not modified by age, marital status, and education. The results demonstrate the importance
of investigating the effect of parental status and other objective circumstances on a range of psychological well-being outcomes.
Furthermore, the results reviewed and presented indicate somewhat more positive effects of parenthood in the Nordic countries
than in the US, highlighting the role of social policies in shaping the impact of parental status on well-being. 相似文献
194.
Maria Fatima Ruiz Paiva Félix Neto María Teresa Muñoz Sastre Nadine Laumond-Salvatore Sheila Rivière Etienne Mullet 《Social indicators research》2009,94(1):173-181
The study was aimed at replicating on a Portuguese sample the seven-factor model of life appraisal (physical autonomy, love
life, family life, social life, occupational life, finances, and leisure life) that was suggested by Salvatore and Munoz Sastre
Social Indicators Research 53:229–255 (2001). A sample of 1,111 Portuguese participants, aged 17–85, was presented with the Appraisal of Life Questionnaire. The “domain” model of life appraisal satisfactorily accounted for the data gathered on the Portuguese sample. Regarding
finances and occupational life, Portuguese scores were lower than French scores. Regarding the occupational score and the
leisure score, a clear linear decrease as a function of age was evidenced in the Portuguese sample. Finally, regarding the
family score and the financial score, a non-linear relationship with age was found. An increase was observed from young adult
age to adult age, and a decrease was observed from adult age to older age. A strong decrease in the physical autonomy scores
among Portuguese females was also observed. 相似文献
195.
The Malaysian Quality of Life Index (MQLI) released by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU), has led authors to search for alternative
method of expressing this index. One of the limitations in MQLI computations is the failure to recognise unequal weights for
each accounted component. This paper offers a new way of expressing the quality of life index using a mathematical modelling
based on fuzzy sets theory and the proposed weights based on Maslow’s theory of hierarchical human needs. The indices of 11
components that were used to compute MQLI, again be gathered as a basis in expressing a new Malaysian Fuzzy Quality of Life
Index (MFQLI). The new indices for each component yielded through a normalisation process prior weighting and aggregation
to compose a new MFQLI. It was found that a fuzzy sets approach with the inclusion of weights based on human needs yielded
a better index of quality of life than the MQLI. 相似文献
196.
The European Social Survey, on which this issue of the journal focuses, is a 30-nation multi-funded survey series measuring
attitude change. Started in 2001, it is characterised by unusually high standards of sampling and data equivalence. Its data
are made available on-line with equal access to all, and have already attracted over 20,000 users. Many papers, articles and
books based on the ESS have already appeared. But none has yet employed the data—whether alone or with other sources—to derive
indicators of citizens’ cognitive judgements of their society. A recent EC grant is enabling the authors to fill this gap,
covering topics such as trust in national institutions, tolerance, social cohesion, social trust and fear of crime. The aim
is to be able to monitor changes over time in the distance between what citizens believe their society ought to be in these
respects and how they actually perceive it to be.
相似文献
Roger JowellEmail: |
197.
198.
199.
Brian Opeskin 《Journal of Population Research》2009,26(2):175-199
Most Pacific Island countries are located in the tropics, where there is an abundance of mosquitoes with the potential to
carry debilitating or life-threatening vector-borne diseases. This article examines three Melanesian countries in which malaria
is endemic—Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu—but the threat posed by the spread of malaria gives the issues a
broader significance to the Pacific region. After discussing the spatial distribution and prevalence of malaria in the Pacific,
the article examines a number of health interventions through which people have sought to control malaria. Although the disease
was nearly eradicated in the Pacific in the 1970s, it is no longer in retreat. The article concludes by examining why there
are still grounds for cautious optimism, and the challenges that Pacific Island countries face in reducing the impact of malaria
on their populations. There is a need for prompt and concerted action on malaria at the national, regional and international
levels if the public health concerns arising from the disease are to be adequately addressed. 相似文献
200.
史际春 《安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,(5)
加快转变经济发展方式需要法治保障,这对我国的法治尤其是经济法治提出了更高的要求。为此,要把握好调控监管、市场经济与法治之间的辩证关系,在坚持政府为主导、市场在资源配置中发挥基础性作用的同时,摈弃政府动辄使用直接行政手段和"运动式"调控的做法,将其能动的调控监管纳入问责制,不能任其脱法。规划和产业政策法、财税法、金融法、资源和环境法等都是转变经济发展方式所需依托的主要法律制度。 相似文献