排序方式: 共有68条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
This research deals with the design of leaflets of medicines, evidencing the problems resulting from the lack of Brazilian normalization to promote the use of the graphical representation of instructional texts warnings. It approaches studies related to the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems, highlighting the semiotics and the cultural and informational ergonomics. The analysis of the context uses as method, an analytical study on selected warnings of thirty leaflets of medicines, followed by interviews lead with the public managers involved with the regulation of the pharmaceutical companies, and two experiments with users performed in city of Recife, in State of Pernambuco: one aiming at to identify how they interact with the leaflets of medicines, and the second one testing their understanding concerning standardized illustrations in the United States and the South Africa. The results show the need for improvements in presentation and graphic representation of leaflets of medicines, powering them to the role of communication, to ensure the consumption of medicine safely by its users. The conclusion congregates parameters and recommendations for the graphic representation of warnings in leaflets of medicines in Brazil. 相似文献
42.
In many survival studies, covariates effects are time-varying and there is presence of spatial effects. Dynamic models can
be used to cope with the variations of the effects and spatial components are introduced to handle spatial variation. This
paper proposes a methodology to simultaneously introduce these components into the model. A number of specifications for the
spatial components are considered. Estimation is performed via a Bayesian approach through Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Models are compared to assess relevance of their components. Analysis of a real data set is performed, showing the relevance
of both time-varying covariate effects and spatial components. Extensions to the methodology are proposed along with concluding
remarks. 相似文献
43.
Donald W. K. Andrews Gustavo Soares 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2010,78(1):119-157
The topic of this paper is inference in models in which parameters are defined by moment inequalities and/or equalities. The parameters may or may not be identified. This paper introduces a new class of confidence sets and tests based on generalized moment selection (GMS). GMS procedures are shown to have correct asymptotic size in a uniform sense and are shown not to be asymptotically conservative. The power of GMS tests is compared to that of subsampling, m out of n bootstrap, and “plug‐in asymptotic” (PA) tests. The latter three procedures are the only general procedures in the literature that have been shown to have correct asymptotic size (in a uniform sense) for the moment inequality/equality model. GMS tests are shown to have asymptotic power that dominates that of subsampling, m out of n bootstrap, and PA tests. Subsampling and m out of n bootstrap tests are shown to have asymptotic power that dominates that of PA tests. 相似文献
44.
Mesquita Marcelo Ribeiro Agarwal Shivani de Morais Lima Leonardo Henrique Guedes Soares Maria Regiane Araujo Barbosa Diogo Brunno e Silva Silva Vladimir Costa Werneck Guilherme Loureiro Costa Carlos Henrique Nery 《Urban Ecosystems》2022,25(2):523-534
Urban Ecosystems - Urban greenness is an element of vital importance for the population quality of life, and forest inventory is considered the most appropriate method for its assessment. Remote... 相似文献
45.
Workplace violence is receiving increasing attention world-wide, and studies suggest that, for example, nurses and women may be more abused at work than psychiatrists and men. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural data on the topic. Further, relatively few studies have addressed the influence of environmental factors in the occurrence of violence and within a cross-cultural context. The present study compares among other things the nature of violence encountered by female/male staff (nurses and psychiatrists) in Sweden and England. Psychiatric personnel from England (301 nurses; 74 psychiatrists) and Sweden (745 nurses; 306 psychiatrists) were assessed cross-sectionally by means of a questionnaire covering various areas (e.g. nature of violence). The univariate analyses showed an association between being abused and male gender, young age, being British and a nurse, physical and psychological strain. The multivariate logistic regression confirmed that British nurses and male nurses were the main risk group for exposure to violence. Further, the multivariate analysis indicated that the odds of being abused increased with increasing age, physical strain and dissatisfaction with quality of care. Interventions thus need to be sensitive to gender differences, societal context, professional roles and interactions between them. Further, clinical supervision and team functioning, organizational and environmentally friendly settings may help to reduce violence in mental health care. 相似文献
46.
Joana Baptista Ana Osório Eva Costa Martins Paula Castiajo Ana Luísa Barreto Vera Mateus Isabel Soares Carla Martins 《Social Development》2017,26(1):129-145
The present study examined the relationship between parents’ mental‐state talk and preschoolers’ executive function. Seventy‐two children participated in the present study, as well as their mothers and fathers. When children were enrolled in the second preschool year, mothers’ and fathers’ use of mental‐state references were assessed during a shared picture‐book reading task with the child. Later, four months before admission to the first grade, preschoolers’ executive function was measured. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that maternal, but not paternal, mental‐state talk was a significant predictor of children's executive function composite, even after accounting for child gender, age, verbal ability, and parental education. When looking at each of the EF components, maternal mental‐state talk proved to be a predictor of set‐shifting whereas no significant relations emerged with inhibitory control or working memory. These findings add to prior research on parenting quality and executive function in preschoolers. 相似文献
47.
Ferraz Diogo Mariano Enzo Barberio Manzine Patricia Regina Moralles Herick Fernando Morceiro Paulo César Torres Bruno Guimarães de Almeida Mariana Rodrigues Soares de Mello João Carlos Rebelatto Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento 《Social indicators research》2021,158(1):197-215
Social Indicators Research - Many developing countries have highly unequal health systems across their regions. The pandemic of COVID-19 brought an additional challenge, as hospital structures... 相似文献
48.
This paper presents a new class of designs (Big Stick Designs) for sequentially assigning experimental units to treatments, when only the time covariate is considered. By prescribing the degree of imbalance which the experimenters can tolerate, complete randomization is used as long as the imbalance of the treatment allocation does not exceed the prescribed value. Once it reaches the value, a deterministic assignment is made to lower the imbalance. Such designs can be easily implemented with no programming and little personnel support. They compare favorably with the Biased Coin Designs, the Permuted Black Designs, and the Urn Designs, as far as the accidental bias and selection bias are concerned. Generalizations of these designs are considered to achieve various purposes, e.g., avoidance of deterministic assignments, early balance, etc. 相似文献
49.
This article presents a dynamic game theoretic model of voting in the presence of asymmetric information about a relevant
parameter of the economy, the state of the world. Voters may use both vote splitting and reelection as mechanisms of electoral
control. In a perfect Bayesian equilibrium, voters will reelect an Executive incumbent if a minimum level of social outcome,
n
*, is attained. The main findings are that voters tend to be more demanding, requiring a higher value for n
*, if they expect the true state of the world to be favorable, and less demanding if they believe the state of the world is unfavorable. Moreover, vote splitting will be chosen if a favorable state is expected, whereas if an unfavorable state is more likely,
voters reduce pressure over the incumbent by choosing a unified government.
Received: 9 October 2000/Accepted: 11 February 2002
The author is grateful to Mirta Bugarin, Brian Gaines, Wilfredo Maldonado, Otto Reich, Brian Sala, Marilda Sotomayor, Steven
Williams, the participants of the Third Lacea Meeting, the Summer Seminars of the Political Science Department, University
of Illinois, the Seminar Program of the Department of Economics of the University of Brasilia and the First World Congress
of the Game Theory Society for valuable discussions on previous versions of this article. None of the above is responsible
for errors or opinions expressed. The financial support from CNPq/Brazil is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
50.
Leonardo Soares Bastos Joel Mauricio Correa da Rosa 《Journal of applied statistics》2013,40(7):1533-1544
In this paper, we provide probabilistic predictions for soccer games of the 2010 FIFA World Cup modelling the number of goals scored in a game by each team. We use a Poisson distribution for the number of goals for each team in a game, where the scoring rate is considered unknown. We use a Gamma distribution for the scoring rate and the Gamma parameters are chosen using historical data and difference among teams defined by a strength factor for each team. The strength factor is a measure of discrimination among the national teams obtained from their memberships to fuzzy clusters. The clusters are obtained with the use of the Fuzzy C-means algorithm applied to a vector of variables, most of them available on the official FIFA website. Static and dynamic models were used to predict the World Cup outcomes and the performance of our predictions was evaluated using two comparison methods. 相似文献