东西部的贫富差距究竟有多大--西北民族地区同全国及东南沿海一些省市的比较分析

贫富差距是一个世界性的问题.本文从我国西北民族地区同全国及东南沿海一些省市的生产力发展水平、社会产业结构、固定资产投入、财政收支、人员素质、人口增长率及人民生活水平等一系列人均指标的对比分析中,更具体地认识到东西部差距在进一步拉大的客观事实.这种差距已经影响到社会的长治久安,经济的持续增长,各民族的团结,进而关系到坚持社会主义道路和方向的问题,从而引起了国家及社会普遍的关注.国家在加大对西部地区的投入,西部地区的各族人民更应该面对现实,艰苦奋斗,与时俱进,加快发展,以实现祖国各族人民共同繁荣、共同富裕的目的.     

Top-Pair and Top-Triple Monotonicity

We say that a social choice function (SCF) satisfies Top-k Monotonicity if the following holds. Suppose the outcome of the SCF at a preference profile is one of the top k-ranked alternatives for voter i. Let the set of these k alternatives be denoted by B. Suppose that i’s preference ordering changes in such a way that the set of first k-ranked alternatives remains the set B. Then the outcome at the new profile must belong to B. This definition of monotonicity arises naturally from considerations of set “improvements” and is weaker than the axioms of strong positive association and Maskin Monotonicity. Our main results are that if there are two voters then a SCF satisfies unanimity and Top-2 or Top-pair Monotonicity if and only if it is dictatorial. If there are more than two voters, then Top-pair Monotonicity must be replaced by Top-3 Monotonicity (or Top-triple Monotonicity) for the analogous result. Our results demonstrate that connection between dictatorship and “improvement” axioms is stronger than that suggested by the Muller–Satterthwaite result (Muller and Satterthwaite in J Econ Theory 14:412–418, 1977) and the Gibbard–Sattherthwaite theorem.     

Estimating the impacts of household behavior on youth smoking: evidence from Ontario, Canada

This study attempts to evaluate the relative impacts of parents, siblings, and classmates on youth smoking by employing longitudinal data from the Waterloo Smoking Prevention Program (WSPP), a chronicle of smoking habits of students enrolled in various high schools in South Western Ontario, between 1993 and 1996. The empirical results reveal household and classmate smoking to be significant determinants of individual smoking participation as well as daily smoking. Specifically, an increase in the proportion of classmates who admit to smoking and cigarette consumption by an elder sibling, are both significantly correlated with a higher probability of youth smoking. This is a consistent finding across OLS, within-individual, and IV estimates. Finally, simple OLS estimates suggest the presence of non-linear effects with respect to classmate smoking.

On the distribution of crossings in a generalized random walk

This paper deals with the derivation of the probability distribution of the rank order statistic N¹_μ,n(r), the number of crossings of heightr(≥0) in a generalized random walk with steps 1 and ?μ by using the modified Dwass technique.     

On expected sample range from heterogeneous symmetric distributions

It is shown that for independent (but not necessarily identically distributed) random variables with distributions symmetric about the respective medians (means), the expected value of the sample range is a minimum when these means are all equal.     

由《筹藏刍议》看姚锡光的筹藏观

在清末民初的中国政坛中,姚锡光是一位对边疆民族问题有颇多独特见解的封建官员。在激烈的社会变革中,他对中国边疆民族问题始终予以关注,特别是对中央政府治理、发展西藏等问题上持有较为独到的认识与见解,在其《筹藏刍议》一书中提出了自己的筹藏观,为清中央政府及之后北洋政府治藏方略的制定提供了重要参考。     

英语专业阅读课教学中学生思辨能力培养探究

英语专业在进行教学的时候要特别注重对学生思辨能力的培养,尽量将这种发展学生思辨能力的教学形式作为教学目标,在英语阅读教学的过程中从多方面改革教学方法和教学手段,利用合作项目来进行学习,实行英语语言基础技能的一体化教学,以此来达到对学生思辨能力的培养。     

A test for bivariate exponentiality against bifr alternative

A test is proposed for testing bivariate exponentiality against the Bivariate Increasing Failure Rate (BIFR) class of alternatives. The test statistic is a function of U-statistics and hence asymptotically normally distributed and consistent