“I Will Be Out There Every Day Strong!” Protest Policing and Future Activism Among Ferguson and Baltimore Protesters

An established body of literature shows that people engage in protest events for a number of reasons, including grievances, collective identity, increased efficacy, and emotions. However, it is unclear what happens to individuals’ motivation toward protest participation as they experience the reality of repressive policing. This study contributes to the theoretical body of knowledge of protest policing and social movements by investigating the microlevel processes that affect protest participation. Specifically, we build from the insights of previous research by examining how 102 Ferguson and Baltimore protesters with varying levels of commitment—revolutionary, intermittent, tourist—experienced repressive policing and how such tactics affected their subsequent decision to engage in future activism. Our findings suggest that those with the strongest commitment toward protest goals experienced the most repressive tactics, and yet did not seem to be deterred in their motivation to be engaged in future protests. In contrast, while repressive tactics appeared to deter the less committed individuals from street protests, they remained motivated to engage in other forms of civic engagement.     

A test for the variance residual life

In this paper we develop a test based on the empirical distribution function for the alternative representing 'decreasing variance residual life1 property. The test is consistent with asymptotically normal test statistic and is shown to perform well in the Pitman's asymptotic relative efficiency sense.     

Nonparametric repeated significance tests for some analysis of covariance models

For a general class of nonparametric analysis of covariance problems (with stochastic covariates), some repeated significance testing procedures are developed. These procedures rest on the construction of suitable rank order statistics based on the partial sequence of sample sizes and allow for a monitoring of experimentation with the objective of a possible early termination of experimentation. The basic theory is based on the weak convergence of certain stochastic processes relating to the rank order statistics. Various properties of the proposed tests are discussed.     

Estimation of the mean quality-adjusted survival using a multistate model for the sojourn times

In clinical trials, it may be of interest taking into account physical and emotional well-being in addition to survival when comparing treatments. Quality-adjusted survival time has the advantage of incorporating information about both survival time and quality-of-life. In this paper, we discuss the estimation of the expected value of the quality-adjusted survival, based on multistate models for the sojourn times in health states. Semiparametric and parametric (with exponential distribution) approaches are considered. A simulation study is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator and the jackknife resampling method is used to compute bias and variance of the estimator.     

考虑经营者合谋的激励机制研究

构建经营者不合谋和合谋2种情形下的委托-代理模型,对多个经营者的激励机制进行分析.基于此,提出了企业所有者为应对经营者合谋的机会主义行为应该采取的措施.     

知识产权工具主义理论及其启示

知识产权领域的独占主义威胁到消极自由的核心价值,会制造一种全球性的人身依附关系,因而应以工具主义态度取而代之.工具主义理论主张财产应服务于道德价值,反对把知识产权作为一种主观权利,并主张知识产权是一种附有义务的特权.这一理论有助于我们重新认识知识产权的性质、知识产权和道德的关系以及知识产权权利限制的重要性.     

Forced marriage,forced sex: the perils of childhood for girls

A recently formed interagency Forum on the Rights of Girls and Women in Marriage is investigating the widespread problem of nonconsensual marriage and forced sex and advocating for legislative and policy initiatives. This article reviews three research projects in this area: research by Anti-Slavery International on child marriage in parts of West Africa, an investigation by Save the Children of children's views of early marriage, and research conducted by CHANGE on women's resistance to domestic violence in Calcutta, India. Girls who marry before 15 years of age are more likely to be illiterate than their older counterparts, more likely to be dowry payment brides, less likely to come into contact with development projects, have higher rates of infant mortality, and are most vulnerable to sexual violence. In many cases, intercourse is initiated before the girl begins to menstruate. Although adult women also face sexual violence within marriage, this problem is all the more traumatic for girls who lack any information about sexuality. Sex with girls below a certain age is usually covered by rape legislation, but, in countries such as India, this is mitigated by the religiously defined personal laws. The absence of adequate legal and policy action frameworks to deal with the rights of girls, coupled with the lack of sanctions against these abuses, comprise state complicity and neglect of duty under international law to this vulnerable group.     

Separable Preferences,Strategyproofness, and Decomposability

We consider strategyproof social choice functions defined over product domains. If preferences are strict orderings and separable, then strategyproof social choice functions must be decomposable provided that the domain of preferences is rich. We provide several characterization results in the case where preferences are separable only with respect to the elements of some partition of the set of components and these partitions vary across individuals. We characterize the libertarian social choice function and show that no superset of the tops separable domain admits strategyproof nondictatorial social choice functions.     

Ordinally Bayesian Incentive Compatible Voting Rules

We study strategic voting after weakening the notion of strategy‐proofness to Ordinal Bayesian Incentive Compatibility (OBIC). Under OBIC, truth‐telling is required to maximize the expected utility of every voter, expected utility being computed with respect to the voter's prior beliefs and under the assumption that everybody else is also telling the truth. We show that for a special type of priors, i.e., the uniform priors, there exists a large class of social choice functions that are OBIC. However, for priors that are generic in the set of independent beliefs, a social choice function is OBIC only if it is dictatorial. This result underlines the robustness of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem.     

“失明”的文学——从空间到空间理性

上古时期盲人和其作品登上文学舞台,影响中外文学达几个世纪。受生理条件限制,盲人须用理性来理解直观空间,由此空间理性被深深地烙印在语言之上,并影响着后世的文学创作。空间理性在口头文学的传播过程中逐步确立,再经由文字表现出来,更加剧了语言逻辑化和语法化的过程,这与使用何种语言和文字并没有直接关系,也不存在非逻各斯中心主义的语音中心主义。这一被树立起来的文学典范,使语言中所蕴涵的空间理性最终内化为人类的深层思维,也成了一切艺术的过滤器。我们无法再回到原初状态,空间之网成了人类与自然永远的隔膜。